Octreotide delivery

Oechslein, C.R., Fricker, G., and Kissel, T., Nasal delivery of octreotide Absorption enhancement by particulate carrier systems, 7 t. J. Pharm., 139 25-32 (1996). 

Azone (laurocapram) is used extensively as a transdermal permeation enhancer, and has also found use in buccal drug delivery. It is a lipophilic surfactant in nature (Figure 10.4). Permeation of salicylic acid was enhanced by the pre-application of an Azone emulsion in vivo in a keratinized hamster cheek pouch model [35]. Octreotide and some hydrophobic compounds absorption have also been improved by the use of Azone [36], Azone was shown to interact with the lipid domains and alter the molecular moment on the surface of the bilayers [37], In skin it has been proposed that Azone was able to form ion pairs with anionic drugs to promote their permeation [38],... 

Lau, D.T.W., et al. 1994. Effect of current magnitude and drug concentration on iontophoretic delivery of octreotide acetate (Sandostatin ) in the rabbit. Pharm Res 11 1742. 

With the advent of new biotechnological techniques endogenous compounds like insulin, buserelin or octreotide have become available at affordable prices. All of these substances still have to undergo needle application. Until today the development of alternative delivery systems for the nasal, buccal, peroral, rectal and pulmonary routes for the administration of those class III drugs according to the biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) (Amidon et al. 1995) could not keep pace with this development of endogenous compounds or is not economic enough for the health care payers (e.g. insulin application via the pulmonary route). 

Dorkoosh, F.A., Verhoef, J.C. Verheijden, J.H.M., Rafiee-Tehrani, M., Borchard, G. and Junginger, H.E. (2002) Peroral absorption of octreotide in pigs formulated in delivery systems on the basis of superporous hydrogel polymers. Pharm. Res. 19 1532-1536. 

Damge, C. Vonderscher, J. Marbach, P. Pinget, M. Poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) nanocapsules as a delivery system in the rat for octreotide, a long-acting somatostatin analogue. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1997, 49, 949-954. 

The delivery of medications to patients with SBS may present many challenges, not the least of which is the questionable absorption of oral therapies. It is important to avoid oral products that contain sorbitol or mannitol as inactive ingredients to avoid medication-related diarrhea. Loperamide and octreotide may be used to control diarrhea (see Chap. 36), and proton pump inhibitors and H2-receptor antagonists are frequently required to reduce gastric hypersecretion (see Chap. 33). 

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