Octane, naming

As numbered on the structural formula the longest continuous chain contains eight car bons and so the compound is named as a derivative of octane Numbering begins at the end nearest the branch and so the ethyl substituent is located at C 4 and the name of the alkane is 4 ethyloctane... 

The compound becomes an octane derivative that bears a C 3 methyl group and a C 4 ethyl group When two or more different substituents are present they are listed m alphabetical order in the name The lUPAC name for this compound is 4 ethyl 3 methyloctane... 

The Hysomer process produces an increase of about 12 octane numbers in suitable naphtha feedstocks. The process can be operated in conjunction with the Isosiv process (Union Carbide Corp.) for the separation of normal and isoparaffins, achieving complete isomerization of a C-5—C-6 stream. The combined process is trade named TIP (total isomerization process), and results in increases in octane numbers of about 20, rather than the 12 obtained with a once-through Hysomet treatment. 

Open-chain saturated hydrocarbons have the generic names alkanes and paraffins. In this article, terms such as hexanes, heptanes, and octanes are synonymous with C, C, and Cg alkanes, respectively, and do not refer to the straight chains of 6 carbons, 7 carbons, and 8 carbons, as defined in the lUPAC system. 

Name (source) Gravity, °API Sulfur, wt % Vol % of cmde Gravity, °API Octane, research Paraffins, wt % Cyclo-par affins, wt % Aromatics, wt %... 

The next six alkanes are named pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, and decane. Their molecular formulas are CjHij, C5H14, CjHjg, C Hjg and... 

Therapeutic Function Miotic, cholinomimetic Chemical Name 1-Azabicyclo(2.2.2] octan-3-ol acetate Common Name 3-Quinuclidlnol Acetate... 

Chemical Name 3-(Diphenylmethoxy)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1 ] octane methanesul-fonate... 

Chemical Name [3(S)-endo] -8-[(4-butoxyphenyl)methyl] -3-(3-hydroxy-1-oxo-2-phenyl-propoxy)-8-methyl-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1 ] octane bromide... 

Chemical Name 3-[(hydroxydiphenylacetyl)oxy] -1-methyl-1-azoniabicycio[2.2.2] octane bromide... 

Find the longest continuous carbon chain in the molecule, and use that as the parent name. This molecule has a chain of eight carbons--octane—with two methyl substituents. (You have to turn corners to see it.) Numbering from the end nearer the first ntelhvl substituent indicates that the methvls are al C2 and C6... 

Gasoline-air mixtures tend to ignite prematurely, or knock, rather than bum smoothly. The octane number of a gasoline is a measure of its resistance to knock. It is determined by comparing the knocking characteristics of a gasoline sample with those of isooctane (the common name of one of the isomers of octane) and heptane ... 

You can verify that Cg Hig has a molar mass of 114 g/mol. This compound, containing only carbon and hydrogen, is an example of a hydrocarbon. Its name is octane, from the eight carbon atoms in the molecule. Gasoline Is known to contain hydrocarbons, so this is a reasonable result. 

Jerome O. Nriagu. The Rise and Fall of Leaded Gasoline. The Science of the Total Environment. 92 (1990) 13-28. An authoritative history of leaded gasoline. The source for airplane octane lead industry pays Kehoe s salary one of few environmentally unsafe products forced out of market place one of top 10 chemicals in U.S. Esso slogan compression ratio and valve seat recession Kettering about automobile at crossroads, Europe versus U.S. 90 percent all U.S. gas and 80 percent worldwide autos after 20 years of TEL TEL drove U.S. transport lead removed from Ethyl trade name and Ethyl s control of publications and environment to be monitored by voluntary self-regulation, not legislation. 

The tropane alkaloids contain as a common structural element the azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane system, and the systematic name of tropane is 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane (Fig. 1). Contradictory results concerning the C-6 and/or C-7 substitution of several C-3,C-6- and C-3,C-7-disubstituted and C-3,C-6,C-7-trisubstituted tropane alkaloids have been presented in the literature. In many cases both optical antipodes of these tropane alkaloids are known, either separately or as a racemic mixture. 

The validity of equation (12) has been checked for several families of alkyl halides for which D and E /x- are known (Ref. 32, see particularly figure 6 therein). It was thus found that for v = 0.1 V s the constant is equal to 0.3 eV at 20°C (expressing D in eV and the potentials in V). Equation (12) was then applied to the approximate determination of unknown BDEs in several series of compounds undergoing dissociative electron transfer, namely, TV-halosultams,32 sulfonium cations,33 vicinal dihalides,34 1,3-dihaloadamantes, 1,4-dihalo-bicyclo[2.2.2]octanes, and l,3-dihalobicyclo[l.l.l]pentanes.35 In the latter case, the mutual influence of the two halogens could be rationalized thanks to the conversion of the peak potential data to bond dissociation energies. 

OCTENAR [Octane enhancement by removing aromatics] A process for removing aromatic hydrocarbons from petroleum reformate by extractive distillation with N-formyl mor-phylane. The product can be blended with gasoline to increase its octane number — hence the name. A paraffin mixture is obtained as a side-product. Developed by Krupp Koppers from its MORPHYLANE and MORPHYLEX processes. 

UOP in a joint venture with ChevronTexaco developed an additive technology named Alkad . The additive is based on HF salts of amines, which form liquid onium polyhydrogen fluoride complexes with HF, reducing the vapor pressure of the catalyst 65% to more than 80% aerosol reduction is claimed with this additive. As in the ReVap technology, additional separation columns have to be installed. Both additives are claimed to increase the product octane number, especially when propene, isobutylene, and pentenes are employed in the feedstock. 

The affect of architecture on small molecular properties has been recognized since the historical Berzelius (1832) discovery that defined the following premise substances of identical compositions but different architectures - skeletal isomers - will differ in one or more properties [15]. These effects are very apparent when comparing the fuel combustion benefits of certain isomeric octanes or the dramatic property differences observed in the three architectural isomers of carbon namely graphite, diamond and buckminsterfullerene. 

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