Octanes, isomeric

The thermolysis of ladderanes has been studied in detail (Scheme 1). On heating, bicyclo[2.2.0]hexane and its derivatives exhibit skeletal inversion and cleavage to 1,5-hexadiene derivatives.26 The thermolysis of anti- and yyft-tricyclo[4.2.0.02,5]octanes and their derivatives gives cis,cis- and cis, trans-1,5-cyclooctadienes, cis- and trans-1,2-divinylcy clobutanes, and 4-vinylcyclohexene as ring-opening products.27-29 Furthermore, syn-tricyclo-[4.2.0.02,5]octane isomerizes to aw//-tricyclo[4.2.0.02,5]octane.29c,d The thermodynamic parameters and the reaction mechanisms for these thermal reactions have been discussed. 

The studies of Friedmann on the action of sulfur on octane s and octene under pressure are worth noting. Under such conditions about 2% of dimethylthienothiophene was formed together with thiophenes and other products. The author assumed the formation of the former to be due to octane isomerization. The product isolated was supposed to be 3,4-dimethylthieno[2,3-6]thiophene (17), which may result from the Cg hydrocarbon rearrangement shown in Eq. (2). 

For example, if we apply the steady-state approximation to the catalytic intermediates of the 2-methylheptane/iso-octane isomerization from the previous section we obtain Eqs. (2.31)-(2.33). 

Example Cracking fuel oil to obtain an octane/octane isomeric mixture Example Alkylation converts a butane/butene mixture to octane. 

Kuus, M. Toome, M. Kudryavtseva, L. Eizen, O. The thermodynamic properties of n-octane - isomeric n-octene mixtures [Russ]. Eesti NSV Tead. Akad. Toim., Keem. 1980, 29, 32-37. 

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