Ocean environment

Thick sedimentary pile from middle Miocene to late Pliocene is exposed in the Oga Peninsula, northern Honshu, Japan (Fig. 1.153). Age of the sedimentary rocks has been determined by microfossil data. Thus, the sedimentary rocks in the Oga Peninsula where type localities of Miocene sedimentary rocks in northern Japan are well exposed have been studied to elucidate the paleoenvironmental change of the Japan Sea (Watanabe et al., 1994a,b). Kimura (1998) obtained geochemical features of these rocks (isotopic and chemical compositions) and found that regional tectonics (uplift of Himalayan and Tibetan region) affect paleo-oceanic environment (oxidation-reduction condition, biogenic productivity). However, in their studies, no detailed discussions on the causes for the intensity and periodicity of hydrothermal activity, and temporal relationship between hydrothermal activity, volcanism and tectonics in the Japan Sea area were discussed. They considered only the time range from ca. 14 Ma to ca. 5 Ma. 

U-SERIES ISOTOPES IN THE OCEAN ENVIRONMENT 2.1. The ocean uranium budget... 

The chemical behavior of U and its daughter nuclides in the ocean environment was extensively studied in the 1960s and 1970s and has been well summarized (Cochran 1992). The most important mechanism by which nuclides are separated from one another to create disequilibrium is their differing solubility. For U, this solubility is in turn influenced by the redox state. The process of alpha-recoil can also play an important role in producing disequilibrium. 

Guan YF, Wang JZ, Ni HG, Luo XJ, Mai BX, Zeng EY (2007) Riverine inputs of polybrominated diphenyl ethers from the Pearl River Delta (China) to the coastal ocean. Environ Sci Technol 41(17) 6007-6013. doi 10.1021/es070782x... 

Dating Recent (200 Years) Events in Sediments from Lakes, Estuaries, and Deep Ocean Environments Using Lead-210... 

Barber, R.T. and S.M. Warlen. 1979. Organochlorine insecticide residues in deep sea fish from 2500 m in the Atlantic Ocean. Environ. Sci. Technol. 13 1146-1148. 

Klasson-Wehler, E., A. Bergman, M. Athanasiodou, J.P. Ludwig, H.J. Auman, K. Kannan, M. Van Den Berg, A.J. Murk, L.A. Feyk, and J.P. Giesy. 1998. Hydroxylated and methylsulfonyl polychlorinated biphenyl metabolites in albatrosses from Midway Atoll, north Pacific Ocean. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 17 1620-1625. 

Gjessing, D.T., Adaptive techniques for radar detection and identification of objects in an ocean environment , IEEE J. Ocean Engineering, Vol.6, No.l, pp 5-17, 1981. 

Conventional Systems. In the conventional antifouling compositions, the organotin compound (TBTO, TBTF, TBTC1, TBTOAc) is mechanically mixed into the paint vehicle. When the TBT species is completely soluble in the polymer matrix, factors (a) and (b) become unimportant in most cases. The mobile species is already present its diffusion in the matrix, phase transfer and migration across the boundary layer into the ocean environment may be represented by Figure 2a. When the organotin compound forms a dispersed second phase, rate of its dissolution in the polymer matrix becomes another factor to consider. 

Singh HB, Salas LJ, Stiles RE. 1983a. Selected man-made halogenated chemicals in the air and oceanic environment. J Geophys Res 88 3675-3683. 

P. D. Thacker, Global Warming s Other Effects on the Oceans, Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005,39, 10A. 

Resistant to environmental conditions. After deployment, sensors must be resistant to mechanical shocks from waves and be insensitive to, or compensate for, changes in temperature, pressure, salinity, and. biofouling that they will invariably encounter in the ocean environment. Biofouling and corrosion are major problems for instruments that are deployed for long periods of time. Appropriate sensor and instrument design, as well as selection of appropriate materials compatible with such a harsh environment, must be taken into account. 

We measured H202 vertical profiles in Lake Erie (14, 18) and noted the similarity with oceanic profiles (23, 24). The major difference is the depth to which H202 is mixed in oceanic environments. To emphasize the effect of solar radiation and wind speed on the distribution of H202 in the epilimnion, we measured four vertical profiles of H202 concentration and temperature in Jacks Lake on 4 days, September 11-14, 1990, all at 4 00 p.m. 

Rarth (1952) proposed the concept of residence (passage) time of an element in the oceanic environment and formalized this concept by the equation... 

In the past, hydrates have been associated with significant movement of earth (seafloor slumps) in deepwater ocean environments. Notably, Bugge et al. (1988), Schmuck and Pauli (1993), MacDonald et al. (1994), and Pauli and Dillon (2001) have described both large and small Earth movements associated with hydrates. Concerns have been expressed (Campbell, 1991) about the effect of hydrates on foundations of platforms and pipelines, as well as offshore drilling. Hydrates as geohazards are discussed in Section 7.8. 

Most natural hydrates are in the ocean environment. As a state-of-the-art summary of ocean hydrates, Trehu et al. (2006) list six major lessons learned during the decade from 1996 to 2006 ... 

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