Oceans anoxic events

McElwain JC, Mitchell FJG, Jones MB (1995) Relationship of stomatal density and index of Salix cinerea to atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations in the Holocene. The Holocene 5 216-219 McElwain JC, Wade-Murphy J, Hesselbo SP (2005) Changes in carbon dioxide during an oceanic anoxic event linked to intrusion into Gondwana coals. Nature 435 479-482 Meyer HW (1992) Lapse rates and other variables applied to estimating paleoaltitudes from fossil floras. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 99 71-99... 

Jenkyns, H. C., Grocke, D. R., and Hesselbo, S. P. (2001). Nitrogen isotope evidence for water mass denitrification during the early Toarcian (Jurassic) oceanic anoxic event. Paleoceanography 16(6), 593-603. 

Ohkouchi, N., Kashiyama, Y., Kuroda, Y., Ogawa, N. O., and Kitazato, H. (2006). The importance of diazotrophic cyanobacteria as primary producers during Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2. Biogeosciences 3, 467—478. 

Arthur M. A., Schlanger S. O., and Jenkyns H. C. (1987) The Cenomanian-Turonian Oceanic Anoxic Event II. In Paleoceanographic Controls on Organic-matter Production and Preservation, Geological Society of London Special Publication 26 (eds. J. Brooks and A. J. Fleet), pp. 401-420. 

Algeo T. J., Berner R. A., Maynard J. B., and Scheckler S. E. (1995) Late Devonian oceanic anoxic events and biotic crises rooted in the evolution of vascular land plants ... 

Kuypers M. M. M., Blokker P., Erbacher J., Kinkel H., Pancost R. D., Schouten S., and Sinninghe Damste J. S. (2001) Massive expansion of marine Archea during a Mid-Cretaceous oceanic anoxic event. Science 293, 92-94. 

Schlanger S. O. and Jenkyns H. C. (1976b) Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Events causes and consequences. Geologie En... 

Sinninghe Damste J. S. and Koester J. (1998) A euxinic southern North Atlantic Ocean during the Cenomanian Turonian oceanic anoxic event. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 165, 173. 

Only reported from a mid-Cretaceous oceanic anoxic event nonhyperthermophilic marine Crenarchaeota ... 

Deposition of organic-rich sediments further down the shelf and on to the continental slope and rise often occurs as a result of turbidite flows, redistributing organic-rich sediments from delta fronts or from further up the shelf and slope (Summerhayes 1983). While there is a certain amount of pelagic sedimentation, primary production decreases away from the coastline as nutrient levels decline, and detritus is largely recycled before it settles to the sea floor. However, this may not always have been so in the past, when the thermohaline circulation (Box 3.2) did not operate and there may have been widespread anoxia in bottom waters, aiding preservation of sedimentary organic matter (e.g. Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events Section 6.3.4). 

Fig. 6.23 (a) Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events (OAEs) and their relationship to global isotopic trends (afterVeizer et al. 1999 Jones Jenkyns 2001 Leckie et al.2002) (b) 813Ccaibomte excursion associated with OAE2 in the Chalk ofEast Kent, UK (after Jenkyns et al. 1994). 

Arthur M.A., Schlanger S.O., Jenkyns H.C. (1987) The Cenomanian-Turonian Oceanic Anoxic Event, II. Palae-oceanographic controls on organic-matter production and preservation. In Marine Petroleum Source Rocks (ed. Brooks J., Fleet A.J.) Geol. Soc. Spec. Publn 26, 401—20. London Geological Society. 

Erbacher J., Huber B.T., Norris R.D., Markey M. (2001) Increased thermohaline stratification as a possible cause for an ocean anoxic event in the Cretaceous period. Nature 409, 325-9. 

Jones C.E., Jenkyns H.C. (2001) Seawater strontium isotopes, oceanic anoxic events, and seafloor hydrothermal activity in the Jurassic and Cretaceous. Am.J. Sci. 301, 112-49. 

Kuypers M.M.M., Pancost R.D., Nijenhuis I.A., Sinninghe DamsteJ.S. (2002) Enhanced productivity led to increased organic carbon burial in the euxinic North Atlantic basin during the late Cenomanian oceanic anoxic event. Paleoceanogr. 17, 1051, doi 10.1029/222PA000569. 

Dumitrescu, M. and Brassell, S.C., 2005. Biogeochemical assessment of sources of organic matter and paleoproductivity during the Early Aptian Oceanic Anoxic Event at Shatsky Rise, ODP Leg 198. Org. Geochem., 36 1002-1022. 

Hesselbo. S.P. Grocke. D.R. Jenkyns, H.C. Bjerru, C.J. Farrimond. P. Morgans Bell, H.S. Green, O.R. Massive dissociation of gas hydrate during a Jurassic oceanic anoxic event. Nature 2000. 406. 392-395. 

D) Pan-oceanic anoxic event. This occurs when polar glaciation is absent during episodes of uniform warm global temperature, such as may have occurred during the Cretaceous period. [From Selley, R. C. (1998). Elements of Petroleum Geology, 2nd ed., Fig. 5.8, Academic Press, San Diego.]... 

Figure 11.8 Isotopic composition of U in black shales from before, during, and after Ocean Anoxic Event 2 in the Late Cretaceous. Reproduced with permission from [68].

Montoya-Pino, C., Weyer, S., Anbar, A. D., Pross, J., Osdunann, W., Van de Schootbrugge, B., and Arz, H.W. (2010) Global enhancement of ocean anoxia during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 a quantitative approach using U isotopes. Geology, 38 (4), 315-318. 

Erbacher, (., Friedrich, O., Wilson, P.A., Birch, H., and Mutterlose, (. (2005) Stable carbon isotope stratigraphy across Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 of Demerara Rise, western tropical Atlantic. Ceochem. Ceophys. Geosyst., 6, Q06010, doi 10.1029/2004GC000850. 

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