Occurrence wording

Claims Made vs. Occurrence Wording Insurance Policies... 

There are two main alternative operating principles for insurance policies—claims made or occurrence wording. An understanding of these two different operating principles is vital to be able to appreciate the insurance industry s concern over environmental liabilities and their apparent inability to assess properly their exposures. 

Occurrence wording This type of policy format works on the principle that the insured purchases a policy for a fixed period of time (say one year) and the policy will then respond to any claims arising out of actions of the insured that occurred during the period of insurance—no matter how many years later the damage manifests itself. 

Costs to clean up the insured s own sites are not normally available from the traditional insurance market. It is not a claim that would be considered under a current public liability policy and if the contamination was known about, and also very severe then the site is unlikely to obtain site-specific environmental insurance to cover the required clean-up costs. The only situation where there may be a glimmer of hope from an insurance perspective is in situations where those facing liability for clean-up were tenants on the land and not the landowners themselves. It was, and still is, relatively common practice for tenants to have their public liability policies extended to provide indemnity to them for any damage they caused to the freeholder s land or property. If such a policy extension were to be available on an old occurrence worded policy held by a tenant the property damage part of the cover may provide them with some opportunity to gain an amount of insurance indemnity for any requirement placed upon them to clean up their landlord s land. 

Amber is of both historical and etymological interest as its property of attracting dust was known over 2000 years ago. From the Greek word for amber, elektron, has come the word electricity. Pliny in his works makes an interesting and informative dissertation on the occurrence and properties of amber. 

PET fibers in final form are semi-crystalline polymeric objects of an axial orientation of structural elements, characterized by the rotational symmetry of their location in relation to the geometrical axis of the fiber. The semi-crystalline character manifests itself in the occurrence of three qualitatively different polymeric phases crystalline phase, intermediate phase (the so-called mes-ophase), and amorphous phase. When considering the fine structure, attention should be paid to its three fundamental aspects morphological structure, in other words, super- or suprastructure microstructure and preferred orientation. 

Characteristic of the microstructure of PET fibers in their final production form is the occurrence of three types of polymer phases crystalline, mesomorphous, and amorphous. The first phase is the result of crystalline aggregation of PET molecules, the second phase—of mesomorphous or, in other words, paracrys-talline aggregation, the third phase—of amorphous aggregation. The mesomorphous and amorphous phases together form a noncrystalline part of the fiber. 

There are no direct, reliable measurements of 0 based upon adsorption of water from the gas phase. Therefore, 4.25 eV applies to a macroscopic water layer as in the electrochemical configuration. The decrease in 0 upon water adsorption is a general occurrence with metals. The value of A0 observed with Hg is the lowest among those available in the literature.35,36 With reference to Eq. (20), this means that the perturbations of the surfaces of the two phases are small for the Hg/water contact. In other words, the interaction between Hg and water is weak (hydrophobic). 

Marchantia brachiata (Sw.) Schiffn. is a liverwort that also enjoys a wide distribution. It is included here to offset the idea that liverworts of wide occurrence need to exhibit different chemistries in order to attract attention. Nagashima et al. (1999) identified four compounds from plants collected in Ecuador 3,4-dimethoxystyrylbenzene [456], 2,4,5-trimethoxystyrylbenzene [457], P-caryophyllene [458], and bicycloger-macrene [459], In the words of those workers, there was ... ostensibly no metabolic differences between Marchantia brachiata collected in the Netherlands Antilles, Saba, and in Ecuador. ... 

There are many advantages of using metal chlorides as interprocess intermediates. One of the most important advantages is that the metal chlorides could be readily purified. In other words, co-occurring metals could be more readily separated from one another as chlorides. This is particularly important when the co-occurring metals have very different technological properties and the presence of one in another in the final product is detrimental to the intended commercial application. A famous example of such co-occurrence is that of zirconium and hafnium in the mineral zircon. Not more than 100 ppm hafnium should be present in the zirconium intended for use in the nuclear reactor core. The hafnium content of zircon is about 2.5%. 

An action specification generalizes all occurrences of the action in other words, it should hold tme for every snapshot pair (Figure 3.16), much as a type model generalizes all snapshots in Figure 3.11. Given a type T with operation M whose operation spec has a precondition P and postcondition Q, we interpret this operation spec as follows ... 

The dynamics of plant life are still essentially unknown. It is clear now, however, that the occurrence of an enzyme in a tissue does not necessarily mean that it will act on its substrate which is also present,88 nor does our inability to demonstrate the presence of certain enzymes exclude the occurrence of changes usually attributed to enzyme action. In other words, our knowledge of in vitro and in vivo relationships of plant enzymes is as yet very much in its infancy. 

Lawrencium - the atomic number is 103 and the chemical symbol is Lr. The original chemical symbol was proposed as Lw but it was changed because W is an unusual occurrence in many languages and it is a cumbersome spoken word. The name derives from the American physicist Ernest O. Lawrence , who developed the cyclotron. Credit for the first synthesis of this element in 1971 is given jointly to American chemists from the University of California laboratory in Berkeley, California under Albert Ghiorso and the Russian scientific team at the JINR (Joint Institute for Nuclear Reactions) lab in Dubna, Russia under Georgi N. Flerov, after a series of preliminary papers presented over a decade. The longest half-life associated with this unstable element is 3.6 hour Lr. 

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