Objects indoors

Aim to protect the health and safety of everyone m the workplace and ensure that adequate welfare facilities are provided. Covers e.g. general ventilation, temperature m indoor workplaces, lighting, cleanliness, space requirements, condition of floors and traffic routes, measures against falls/fallmg objects, washing facilities. 

Buildings that use dramatically less energy and display improved indoor environmental conditions are needed to achieve sustainable buildings as the standard. This is especially so when post-Kyoto era objectives are decided. 

The objectives of this study are to determine the frequency distribution of radon levels in residential structures on a nationwide basis and to investigate factors which affect these levels. This study is needed to obtain a more accurate estimate of the average radon level in homes and to provide reliable data on the number of homes exceeding various radon levels. Such information will provide a better understanding of the magnitude of the public health problem associated with indoor radon levels. In addition this information will establish the base line level against which results of other surveys and indoor radon measurements can be compared. 

The uncertainty of the fitted values of these two parameters has been estimated objectively by means of a Monte-Carlo simulation model. The data points on each curve in Figure 5 are the mean of 100 calculated points and each point is the "best-fit" of the parameter to a simulated measurement in a simulated indoor environment in which allowance is made for fluctuations of the parameters. 

The project team s main objective is to design an efficient indoor air quality control appliance that can achieve the most stringent IAQ standard using new and competitive catalyst and adsorbent technologies. The appliance must be... 

Figure 12.8-2. Objective tree for indoor air quality control appliance.

The risk to children arising from the indoor use of pesticides has also been studied. A study by Gurunathan and colleagues in the January Environmental Health Perspectives indicated that the indoor use of pesticides can unintentionally expose small children to significant amounts of toxic chemicals, as vapors can contaminate toys and household objects that children later handle or place in their mouths (Brody, 1998). 

It is certainly hard to think of appetites as goal-directed behaviors, when they may fail to extinguish after hundreds of occurrences when they are not followed by their object. However, the incentives are probably no different than for a dog that wants to be fed. Begging is cheap compared to the value of the actual reward and seems to be worth it to the dog even if food is almost never forthcoming in a particular circumstance. Similarly, it is beyond most people s patience to convert an outdoor pet to an indoor pet The sight of someone going out arouses it even after months of failures. So it seems to be with appetites as slight hopes appear. 

The objective of the present article is to introduce both basic and advanced realtime monitoring techniques to researchers or engineers in the field of indoor gas-phase chemical pollutant control. Each real-time monitoring technique is introduced according to a detection or measurement principle a measuring method selectivity, sensitivity and accuracy application illustrations. Examples of applying these real-time monitoring techniques are also presented. 

Are there any objections to indoor climatic conditions (air exchange, temperature, air humidity) ... 

Biocides and pesticides in indoor air are connected with different damage to objects. However, for scientists and museum professionals it is difficult to distinguish damages related to biocide treatment from damages caused otherwise. 

There have been limited field and controlled exposure studies that evaluated human reactions to carpet emissions. Winfield (1987) described a USA primary school where odor, headache, nausea, fatigue and mucosal irritation were reported by a high proportion of the students. Elevated indoor air concentrations of styrene (900-4000 xg m 3) were found, which were believed to be due to a SB R latex-backed carpet which had been installed several years previously. The carpet was removed and the ill-effects were reported to abate. Johnsen et al. (1990) exposed asthma sufferers to a foam rubber-backed carpet in a room chamber. While no clinical effects on lung function were observed, objective eye measurements found that there was a change in tear film quality. This was proposed to result from a degreasing effect of lipophilic VOCs, identified as toluene and acetone (Wolkoff, Nielsen and Hansen, 1990). 

Children can be exposed to DEHP if they eat food or drink water contaminated with DEHP or if they breathe in the chemical from ambient or indoor air. Small children can also be exposed by sucking on or skin contact with plastic objects (toys) and pacifiers that contain DEHP, as well as by ingestion of breast milk containing DEHP. Children also can be exposed to DEHP if they undergo certain medical procedures that require the use of flexible tubing such as that used to... 

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