Nystatins

Nystatin (mycostatin) allergy is rare and might be overlooked as a cause of contact allergy because nystatin is often associated with more conunonly recognized sensitizers in broad spectrum creams and ointments. Few cases of contact allergy are reported (Wasilewski 1970 Coskey 1971). 

Variotin (pecilocin) produced from a Paecilomyces fungus has caused a few cases of allergic contact dermatitis (Sundaravajan 1970 Groen et al. 1973). 

Schdpf, C. and Kunz, K.J. U.S. Patent 2,661,372 December 1, 1953 assigned to Tropon-werke Dinkiage Co., Germany 

Therapeutic Function Antifungal Chemical Name See structural formula Common Name — 

Trede Name Manufacturer Country Year Introduced 

A typical isolation and recovery procedure for nystatin is described in U.S. Patent 2,797,183 and is shown in the following diagram  

Vandeputte, J. and Gold, W. U.S. Patent 2,786,781 March 26, 1957 assigned to Olin Mathleson Chemical Corporation 

Guard column 15 x 3.2 5 [Xm NewGuard RP-18 Column 300 x 3.9 10 xm ixBondapak C18 Column temperature 30 

Mobile phase MeCN MeOH 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer containing 1 mM EDTA 30 30 40, adjusted to pH 6.0 with 85% phosphoric acid Flow rate 2 Injection volume 200 Detector UV 305 

Noninterfering acetaminophen, amikacin, amitriptyline, carbamazepine, ceftazidime, cyclosporine, digoxin, disopyramide, ethosuximide, gentamicin, lidocaine, lithium, methotrexate, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, procainamide, propranolol, quini-dine, salicylic acid, theophylline, tobramycin, valproic acid, vancomycin 

Mickiene, D. Werner, K. Piscitelli, S.C. Walsh, T.J. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of Uposomal nystatin in plasma and tissues for pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution studies, J.Chromatogr.B, 1999, 735, 51-62. 

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Nyquist criterion Nyquist theorem Nystan Nystarescent Nystatin... 

Mutation. For industrial appHcations, mutations are induced by x-rays, uv irradiation or chemicals (iiitrosoguanidine, EMS, MMS, etc). Mutant selections based on amino acid or nucleotide base analogue resistance or treatment with Nystatin or 2-deoxyglucose to select auxotrophs or temperature-sensitive mutations are easily carried out. Examples of useful mutants are strains of Candida membranefaciens, which produce L-threonine Hansenu/a anomala, which produces tryptophan or strains of Candida lipolytica that produce citric acid. An auxotrophic mutant of S. cerevisiae that requires leucine for growth has been produced for use in wine fermentations (see also Wine). This yeast produces only minimal quantities of isoamyl alcohol, a fusel oil fraction derived from leucine by the Ehrlich reaction (10,11). A mutant strain of bakers yeast with cold-sensitive metaboHsm shows increased stabiUty and has been marketed in Japan for use in doughs stored in the refrigerator (12). 

Nystatin. This compound (1) belongs to the group of polyene antimycotic antibiotics (Table 1). Siace the early 1960s, approximately 200 polyenes have been isolated from different Streptomjces strains. 

Nystatin has three biologically active components A, A, and A. Figure 1 depicts A. Squibb is the U.S. producer. 

Nystatin is mainly used to treat vaginal and oral infections and localized skin lesions, including Candida intertrigo and Candida nappy dermatitis. It may also be used as prophylaxis during treatment with antibiotics. 

Nystatin (100,000 lU) is also available in combination with neomycin sulfate [1405-10-3] (35,000 lU), polymyxin B sulfate [1405-20-5] (35,000 lU), acetarsol [97-44-9] (150 mg), and dimethicone [8050-81-5] (2,500 mg). One or two ovules per day are inserted vaginaHy for at least 6—12 days. This combination has an antibacterial, antimycotic, and antitrichomonas action (see also Antibiotics, oligosaccharides Antiparasitic agents, antiprotozoals). 

Nucleoside antibiotics biosynthesis, 1, 88-90 Nucleosides oxa analogues, 3, 1085 as pharmaceuticals, 1, 153 protected, 5, 316 Nucleosidin occurrence, 5, 603 Nupharolutine synthesis, 2, 393 Nybomycin applications, 6, 667 Nybomycin, deoxy-applications, 6, 667 Nystatin antifungal agent veterinary use, 1, 211... 

Hypericin which is a hydroxyanthraquinone and the antibiotic nystatin also yield fluorescent zones. A higher fluorescence intensity is frequently obtained by heating to 88° C for 2 — 5 min instead of simply allowing to dry at room temperature. 

Streptomyces mycarofaciens Midecamycin Streptomyces nodosus Amphotericin B Streptomyces noursei Nystatin... 

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