Nylon fibers other

The physical properties of these fibers are compared with those of natural fibers and other synthetic fibers in Table 1. Additional property data may be found in compilations of the properties of natural and synthetic fibers (1). Apart from the polyolefins, acryhcs and nylon fibers are the lightest weight fibers on the market. Modacryhcs are considerably more dense than acryhcs, with a density about the same as wool and polyester. 

Bicomponent technology has been used to introduce functional and novelty effects other than stretch to nylon fibers. For instance, antistatic yams are made by spinning a conductive carbon-black polymer dispersion as a core with a sheath of nylon (188) and as a side-by-side configuration (189). At 0.1—1.0% implants, these conductive filaments give durable static resistance to nylon carpets without interfering with dye coloration. Conductive materials such as carbon black or metals as a sheath around a core of nylon interfere with color, especially light shades. 

Nylons have a variety of uses ranging from tire cord to carpet to hosiery. The most important application is cord followed by apparel. Nylon staple and filaments are extensively used in the carpet industry. Nylon fiber is also used for a variety of other articles such as seat belts, monofilament finishes, and knitwear. Because of its high tenacity and elasticity, it is a valuable fiber for ropes, parachutes, and underwear. 

Use nylon or other strong fiber rope that will not break before the sample. 

It is difficult to find any definitive information that indicates ozone damage as extensive as that suggested in the mri report. The latter identified cotton, nylon, and rayon as particularly susceptible to ozone. The oxidation of cellulose fibers by ozone was the subject of a study in 1952 that showed that dry cotton was not seriously degraded by ambient ozone. In more recent studies, these conclusions were confirmed. The only information available on fibers other than cotton addressed the effect of ozone on modacrylic, acrylic. Nylon 66, and polyester fabrics.The results indicated minimal effects on these fibers. 

Approximately 750,000 tons of benzoic acid is produced globally each year. Benzoic acids greatest use is as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals. More than 90% of benzoic acid production is converted into phenol (C6H5OH, see Phenol) or caprolactam (C6HuNO). Caprolactam is used in the production of nylon and other synthetic fibers. 

Borazines, particularly polymeric compounds, have been extensively investigated as preceramic materials from which coatings and fibers of boron nitride can be produced upon thermolysis. B-aryl and halogeno-amino borazines are reported to have use as fire retardants in cotton and nylon textiles. Other reported uses for borazines are as epoxy resin catalysts, polymerization inhibitors of unsaturated alcohols and esters, and catalysts for polymerization of alkenes (95). 

Other polymers like polypropylene or polystyrene modified by maleic anhydride or maleamide, with the add groups converted to amide, ester or ester chloride and then reacted on Nylon fibers, have been claimed in a Japanese patent (101). Two patents report grafting of olefinic polymers on polycaprolactam (102,103). Grafting of polysiloxanes on polyamides can be induced by X-rays (104). 

The introduction of rayon, nylon and other manmade fibers with their greater strengths per unit cross sectional area compared with cotton fabric has led to the use of rubber coated fabrics in the manufacture of various engineering products such as tyres, beltings and hoses and also several specialty products for the chemical process industries. The arduous service conditions prevailing... 

Approximately 3.9 x 106 t of nylon fiber is produced worldwide nylon-6,6 and nylon-6 account for about 98% of the total production. Nylon fibers are used for carpets, tire cord, cordage, soft-sided luggage, automotive air bags, parachutes, apparel, swimwear, and sheer hosiery. The advantages of nylon fibers over other synthetic fibers are high strength, durability, resilience, ease of dyeability, and low specific gravity. 

Pyrolysis produces three principal products - pyrolytic gas, oil, and char. Char is a fine particulate composed of carbon black, ash, and other inorganic materials, such as zinc oxide, carbonates, and silicates. Other by-products of pyrolysis may include steel (from steel-belted radial tires), rayon, cotton, or nylon fibers from tire cords, depending on the type of tire used. 

As was the case with the nylon fibers, the potential polyester fibers offered in apparel, home furnishing, and industrial applications was judged to be enormous. For this potential to be realized in practice, however, some characteristics had to be improved, and others had to be engineered for specific end uses. Thus, fibers of different cross-sectional shapes were developed in order to impart anti-soiling, reflective, and resilient characteristics for rug and carpet applications. A difficulty associated with the early polyester fiber that restricted its applications was its... 

Type 2 is ductile crack propagation with the crack opening to form a V-notch. Finally, the crack becomes catastrophic. It is found in nylon and other melt-spun synthetics. Classical illustrations of this type are readily available (3, 4). However, variations can occur. Figures la and lb show a polyester fiber subjected to tensile stress in which, after the V-notch formed, failure continued along a plane parallel to the fiber axis before eventually crossing the fiber. Thus, a split-level transverse break had occurred. 

Equation (2.6) indicates that (1/MR), a measure of flexibility, is a very sensitive function of diameter, d. If we take a 25 xm diameter nylon fiber as a quintessential example of a flexible fibei we can compute the diameter of various other fibers that will be required to have a flexibility equal to that of a 25 pm diameter nylon fiber. Figure 2.11 shows this. It follows from this curve that, given a sufficiently small diameter, it is possible to produce, in principle, an equally flexible fiber from a polymer, a metal, or a ceramic. In other words, one can make very flexible fiber out of a ceramic such as silicon carbide or alumina provided one can make it into a fine enough diameter. Making a fine diameter ceramic fiber, however, can be a formidable problem in ceramic processing. 

Durable antistat for nylon and other synthetic fibers blended with containing cellulosics. 

Bureau of the Census, Synthetic Broad Woven Goods, Facts for Industry, Series M 15C, quarterly, March 1944-. Production of rayon, acetate, nylon, and other synthetic fibers by type of fabric. Also consumption of yarns in fabrics. Formerly Series 32-3 (March 1944—December 1946). 

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