Nutmeg oil

Table 46. Comparative Analysis of the Components of Various Nutmeg Oils ...

I. If the trimyristin is not pure white and tree ot nutmeg oil, it will be necessary to purify the resulting acid by distillation... 

Muskat-fett, n. nutmeg butter, -nuss, /. nutmeg. -nussdli -ol, n. nutmeg oil. 

Nutmeg/mace oils are colorless to pale yellow liquids with a pleasant spicy odor. The physical constants and odor vary with the origin. Specifications of Indonesian nutmeg oil are as follows ... 

Nutmeg oil is used mainly in food flavorings (soft drinks of the cola-type) and to a lesser extent in perfumery. More than 100 t/a is produced in Indonesia. FCT 1976 (14) p.631, 1979 (17) p.851 [8007-12-3], [84082-68-8]. 

Mynsticm [607-91-0] - [PROPYLALCOHOLS - ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL] (Vol 20) - [CARBOXYLICACIDS-SURVEY] (Vol 5) -in fats and oils [CARBOXYLIC ACIDS - ECONOMIC ASPECTS] (Vol 5) -in fats and oils [CARBOXYLIC ACIDS - MANUFACTURE] (Vol 5) -mmilk [MILKANDMILKPRODUCTS] (Vol 16) -separation coefficients for [SEPARATIONS PROCESS SYNTHESIS] (Vol 21) -food toxicant [FOOD TOXICANTS, NATURALLY OCCURRING] (Vol 11) -m nutmeg oil [OILS, ESSENTIAL] (Vol 17)... 

Contraindications May cause temporary constipation and difficulty in urination. Nutmeg oils increase fat deposits on liver. Safrole is carcinogenic and toxic to liver. Beneficial as spice or in small amounts not recommended as hallucinogen. 

Nutmeg oil and mace oil are used mainly in flavouring soft drinks, canned foods and meat products (Krishnamoorthy and Rema, 2000). Nutmeg oil is used in cosmetics, men s perfume and toiletries, due... 

Prolonged storage of nutmeg oil leads to the loss of few volatile components and thereby changes in the oil composition. Sanford and Heinz (1971) observed that the content of myristic acid might serve as an indicator of the age of ground nutmeg. 

Nutmeg and mace oils from Indonesia, the West Indies and Papua New Guinea showed clear-cut differences in the composition. The oils differed in the composition of the aromatic ether fraction. The most abundant aromatic ether was myristicin in East Indian oils, elemicin in the West Indian oils and safrole in the Papuan oils (Ehlers et al., 1998). Chang Yen et al. (1996) reported that Grenadian nutmeg oils contained more sab-inene and less myristicin and safrole than oils from other geographic regions. 

Nutmeg oil from Papua New Guinea contained a-pinene (22.6%), sabinene (15.8%), P-pinene (15.2%) and myristicin (13.2%) as the chief constituents (Wossa et al., 2004). Sait and Satyaputra (1995) reported that deterpenation of nutmeg oils resulted in lowering of the medicinal quality of the oil due to increase in myristicin concentration. 

Essential oil distilled from the ethnolic extract of nutmeg contained a relatively higher content of terpinen-4-ol, elemicin and myristicin and a lower content of sabinene and pinene compared with the steam-distilled oil (Borges and Pino, 1993). Zhu et al. (1995) reported that nutmeg oil from Guangdong, China, contained 27.63% a-pinene, 26.84% sabinene, 15.52% P-pinene and 7.39% myr-isticine besides the minor constituents. 

Table 9.7. Comparison of nutmeg oils from Grenada, Indonesia and Jamaica.

Table 9.8. Enantiomeric proportion of monoterpene hydrocarbons of East Indian nutmeg oil. ...

It contains the same aroma compounds as nutmeg but in smaller amounts, mainly monoterpenes (87.5%), monoterpene alcohols (5.5%) and other aromatics (7%). Like nutmeg essential oil, the main constituents of mace essential oil are sabinene, a-pinene, (3-pinene, myrcene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, terpinen-4-ol, myristicin, y-terpinene and safrole. Mace oil is more expensive than nutmeg oil. 

Nutmeg oil has strong antifeedant activity, fumigant toxicity and contact toxicity against the stored product insects, Tribolium castaneum and Sitophilus zeamis. The... 

Baldry, J., Dougan, J., Mathews, W.S., Nabney, J., Pickering, C.R. and Robinson, F.V. (1976) Composition and flavour of nutmeg oils. International Flavours and Food Additives 7, 28-30. 

The IFRA recommendation is that essential oils containing safrole should not be used at a level such that the total concentration exceeds 0.01% in consumer products. Essential oils with a high safrole content include Brown camphor oil (80%) and Sassafras (85-95%). Even the East Indian nutmeg oil has up to 3.3% and this needs considering when formulating blends. 

Nutmeg oil, which is apparently non-abortifacient,contains10-25°/o a-pinene,... 

Nutmeg Oil occurs as a colorless or pale yellow liquid with the characteristic odor and taste of nutmeg. It is the volatile oil obtained by steam distillation from the dried kernels of the ripe seed of Myristicafragrans Houttuyn (Fam. Myristica-ceae). Two types of oil, the East Indian and the West Indian, are commercially available. It is soluble in alcohol. 

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