Nucleic acids sodium salt

The removal and reduction of the nucleic acid content of various SCPs is achieved by chemical treatment with sodium hydroxide solution or high salt solution (10%). As a result, crystals of sodium urate form and are removed from the SCP solution.16,17 The quality of SCP can be upgraded by the destruction of cell walls. That may enhance the digestibility of SCP. With chemical treatment the nucleic acid content of SCP is reduced. 

In the past, dissociation of the nucleoprotein complex has been brought about by salt solutions or by heat denaturation,129 but, more recently, decomposition has been effected by hydrolysis with trypsin,126 or by the use of dodecyl sodium sulfate130 or strontium nitrate.131 Some virus nucleoproteins are decomposed by ethyl alcohol.132 This effect may be similar to that of alcohol on the ribonucleoproteins of mammalian tissues. If minced liver is denatured with alcohol, and the dried tissue powder is extracted with 10% sodium chloride, the ribonucleoproteins are decomposed to give a soluble sodium ribonucleate while the deoxyribonucleoproteins are unaffected.133 On the other hand, extraction with 10 % sodium chloride is not satisfactory unless the proteins have first been denatured with alcohol. Denaturation also serves to inactivate enzymes of the tissues which might otherwise bring about degradation of the nucleic acid during extraction. 

Table 3. Results of the polymer reactions of 31 with the sodium salts of nucleic acid bases...

Alcohol is by far the most important predpitation agent used with nucleic acids. Predpitation is usually carried out with 2-3 (v/v) of ethanol or 1 (v/v) of isopropanol in the presence of 0.1-0.5 M Na or K acetate at pH 5.0 and 0 °C salt concentrations higher than 1 M interfere with precipitation. Monovalent cations and ethanol produce a conformational change in the nudeic add which leads to precipitation. For quantitative predpitation, the mixture should be kept for 15 min at -70 °C or 30 min at -20 °C. This is particularly important for dilute solutions (< 10 pg ml-1) more concentrated solutions, above about 0.25 mg ml-1, are predpitated quantitatively even at room temperature. Sodium and potassium acetate salts in the mixture are partially predpitated with the nuddc acid, but they can be removed by washing... 

Dihydropyran derivatives were synthesized as follows 2-(tosyloxymethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran was prepared by the reaction of tosyl chloride with 2-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran, which was obtained by reduction of 2-formyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran, Diels-Alder product of acrolein, with the aid of NaBH4. Syntheses of 2-(nucleic acid base methyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrans were achieved by treatment of sodium salts of the corresponding nucleic acid bases with 2-(tosyloxymethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran in dimethylformamide. In order to facilitate its copolymerization with maleic anhydride, the amino group of adenine was blocked by acetyl group. 

Polyplexes are formed by mixing a poly(nucleic acid) salt (typically the sodium salt) and a cationic polymer. Electrostatic attraction and counterion release leads to a hydrophobic collapse of the polymer-nucleic acid complex into a nanoparticle called a polyplex. 

Nucleoprotein complex can be extracted from cells with N NaCl solution. If the resulting viscous solution is shaken with chloroform containing a little cetyl alcohol, the protein forms a gel at the chloroform/water interface and the sodium salts of the nucleic acids remain in the aqueous phase. Chromatography and centrifuging can then be used to isolate pure specimens (Chapter 14.3). Samples of DNA can be dissolved in water to form very viscous solutions. On adding alcohol to these, a soggy cotton wool-type of precipitate is obtained, from which semi-crystalline threads of DNA can be picked out. 

The sodium salts of the mononucleotides GMP, AMP and IMP are used in conjunction with MSG as flavouring agents (see above). GMP and IMP both occur as white crystalline powders which are easily soluble in water. Commercial production is via enzymatic degradation of RNA. Nucleic acids are not usually considered as having much direct nutritive value, although this statement should be treated with some reserve. Nucleic acids are included in some food patent specifications. 

Kabanov and associates [14,15] have recently investigated the effectiveness of 2 in appropriating natural cellular processes for possible use in medical treatment. They have found that interpolymer complexes of 2 and nucleic acids can be used to enhance incorporation into plasmid DNA of fragments that carry the genetic information for a desired protein [15]. They have also found that interpolymer complexes of 2 and the sodium salt of poly(methacrylic acid) coprecipitate with virus-antibody complexes [16]. The presence of the antibody does not affect coprecipitation of the virus as part of a polycation-polyanion complex. This property has been used to develop a sensitive immunoenzymic method for detection of viruses. 

In 1929, Jones, Phillips, Larsell, and Nokes (65) reported the hematopoietic effect of nuclear extractives in human anemias. They believed that nuclear extractives from various organ sources—considered to be nucleoproteins and the sodium salts of nucleic acids—contained an unknown hematopoietic stimulant. Oral administration of such extractives, prepared from chicken corpuscles, beef spleen, beef liver, beef kidney, beef heart muscle, salmon liver, beef thymus and beef pancreas, in J g. doses, yielded satisfactory results in pernicious as well as other anemias. They thus tentatively concluded that the hematopoietic stimulant is an integral part of the cell nucleus. 

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