Noxious vapours

Poison.—(a) All operations in which fumes or noxious vapours are evolved must be carried out in a good fume cupboard. 

The formation of the chlorides is effected in the dry way by calcination with sodium chloride or in the wet way by interaction with ferrous chloride and hydrochloric acid or with ferric chloride. The wet way is only adopted if fuel is scarce, or the escape of noxious vapours into the atmosphere is not permissible. In the dry method the ore is oxidized by a preliminary roasting, and then chloridized by calcination with sodium chloride or Abraum salts in a furnace of the reverberatory or muffle type, the principal product being cupric chloride. The Dotsch modification of the wet process, worked at Rio Tinto, depends on the action of ferric-chloride solution on a mixture of the ore with sodium sulphate and ferric chloride. The liquid drawn off from the bottom of the heaps of ore contains cuprous chloride in solution as a complex salt. The copper is liberated by the action of iron, the ferrous chloride simultaneously formed being chlorinated in towers to ferric chloride, and the product employed for moistening the heaps of ore. 

There is another tribe of defires, which are commonly termed appetites, and are the immediate confequences of the abfence of fome irritative motions. Thofe, which arife from defeCl of internal irritations, have proper names conferred upon them, as hunger, thirft, luft, and the defire of air, when our refpiration is impaired by noxious vapours and of warmth, when we are... 

Figure 4.14 shows the molecules in sulfur (Sg), which is in the solid state at room temperature and can be melted by heating in a test tube over a Bunsen flame. (Take care if this is demonstrated - some of the sulftir may bum, leading to noxious vapour being released.)... 

P(2) All components for use inside buildings shall be fuUy cured so that no toxic or noxious vapour (e.g. styrene) are emitted during service. 

Select Committee of the House of Lords on the Injury from Noxious Vapours British Parliamentary Papers (hereafter PP.), 1862, XIV. The context and outcome of this inquiry is discussed by Peter Reed, in this volume. 

The Lancet, 9 January 1875, 58-59 The Lancet, 22 November 1873, 749 Minutes of the Manchester and Salford Noxious Vapours Abatement Association, 1876-1891 , Manchester Central Library Archives, ref. M 126/6/1/1. 

Minutes of the Manchester and Salford Noxious Vapours Abatement Association , op. cit. (17), 2 November 1876. 

Ibid., Opening circular , 1876, and minutes 20 February 1877 The Manchester and Salford Sanitary Association Annual Report, 1879 , on The pollution of air , p. 8, remarked on the lack of a broad popular agitation on the noxious vapours issue though. These annual reports are held at the Manchester Central Library, Local Studies Department. 

Minutes of the Manchester and Salford Noxious Vapours Abatement Association , op. cit. (17) Manchester and Salford San. Ass. Annual Report , op. cit. (19), 1894, noxious vapours section, pp. 47-48 R. Le Neve Foster, The prevention of smoke arising from intermittent firing in various processes of chemical and allied industries , /5C7, 14 (1895), 9-12. 

This represented a departure from earlier concerns. The health question was barely an issue in the first Select Committee inquiry on Noxious Vapours. Select Committee 1862, op. cit. (3). 

Smith s constant search for opportunities to extend the terms of the legislation received support from a number of influential pressure groups. In 1876 the Lancashire and Cheshire Association for Controlling the Escape of Noxious Vapours and Fluids petitioned the House of Lords for a thorough review of the legislation. This resulted in the Royal Commission on Noxious Vapours in 1876... 

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