Noxious effluent

Holding off dielectric breakdown in water by means of electrochemically formed coatings can allow condenser plates to store gargantuan energies for powering the lasers of the Star Wars weaponry. Electrochemistry can be used to consume domestic wastes with no noxious effluents reaching the air. The North Sea oil platforms are protected by corrosion inhibitors that slow down the electrochemical reactions that deteriorate the metal in the rigs. 

The discharge of noxious effluent gases, such as hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulphide, and sulphur dioxide, is forbidden by the Alkali Acts. In addition, the Health and Safety at Work Act, places a responsibility on the Manufacturer to prevent any nuisance to the general public or neighbours, and the best practicable steps must be... 

Adhesives and resins are one of the most important raw materials in wood-based panels. Thus, each question concerning the life cycle assessment and the recycling of bonded wood panels does bring into question the adhesive resins used. This includes, for example, the impact of the resin on various environmental aspects such as waste water and effluents, emission of noxious volatile chemicals during production and from the finished boards, or the reuse for energy generation of wood panels. The type of resin has also a crucial influence on feasibility and efficiency for several material recycling processes. 

Emission of volatile noxious chemicals from wood-based panels during their production can be caused by chemicals inherent to wood itself, like terpenes or free acids, as well as by volatile compounds and residual monomers of the adhesive. The emission of formaldehyde as well as free phenol effluents is a matter of concern. 

A plant discharges an aqueous effluent at a volumetric flow rate F. Periodically, the effluent is contaminated by an unstable noxious waste, which is known to decompose at a rate proportional to its concentration. The effluent must be diverted to a holding tank, of volume V, prior to final discharge, as in Fig. 1.17 (Bird et al. 1960). 

Adsorption may be equally effective in removing trace components from a liquid phase and may be used either to recover the component or simply to remove a noxious substance from an industrial effluent. 

How does a scrubber remove noxious gaseous effluents created in the combustion of coal ... 

ABSORPTION (Process). Absorption is commonly used in the process industries for separahng materials, notably a specific gas from a mixture of gases and in the production of solutions such as hydrochloric and sulfuric adds. Absorption operations are very important to many air pollution abatement systems where it is desired to remove a noxious gas, such as sulfur dioxide or hydrogen sulfide, from an effluent gas prior to releasing the material to the atmosphere. The absorption medium is a liquid in which (1) the gas to be removed, i.e., absorbed is soluble ill the liquid, or (2) a chemical reaction takes place between the gas and the absoibing liquid. In some instances a chemical reagent is added to the absorbing liquid to increase the ability of the solvent to absorb. 

This reaction represents a conversion of two noxious combustion effluents into relatively innocuous and inert products, and at the same time, possesses great intrinsic interest because of the extensive bond reorganizations that take place including the transfer of an oxygen atom. 

Likewise, in industrial countries, increasingly stringent regulations limit noxious vapor discharge from chemical plants, which are required to treat their effluents effectively. The transport of dangerous substances is also closely monitored by the authorities. Such precautions stem not only from the publicity which the media now gives to any catastrophe worldwide, but also from the public s instinctive distrust of chemistry, which it still regards as a mysterious science. 

A waste treatment plant operating under steady-state conditions processes a waste liquor containing 500 parts per million (ppm) of a noxious impurity. The impurity is removed with practically no loss of the carrier fluid. The treating process can remove the impurity down to a level of 10 ppm. By local ordinance, a maximum of 100 ppm is allowed in the discharge of the processed effluent to a nearby river. What fraction of the waste liquor must be sent through the waste treatment unit, and what fraction may be bypassed ... 

---