Nonoxynol

Chemical Name a-(Nonylphenyl)-CO-hydroxypoly(oxy-1 -ethanediyl) Common Name — 

Trade Name Manufacturer Country Year Introduced 

220 parts of isononylphenol prepared by condensation of phenol with an olefin mixture obtained by polymerization of propylene and containing essentially isononylenes are caused to react with 0.5 part of caustic alkali powder. The whole is heated to about 130°C to 135°C and the water formed is removed under reduced pressure, while stirring. Thereupon, ethylene oxide is introduced into the melt, while well stirring, during which operation care must be taken, that the temperature of the reaction mass is maintained between 1S0°C and 200°C. When about 300 parts of ethylene oxide are taken up, the reaction Is interrupted. A water-soluble oil is obtained. 

Steindorff, A., Balle, G., Horst, K. and Michel, R. U.S. Patent 2,413,477 September 3, 1940 assigned to General Aniline Film Corp. 

Sample preparation Mix 1 mL whole blood with 1 g solid NaCl, grind (sic) for 5 min, extract twice with 4mL portions of benzene (Caution Benzene is a carcinogen ), centrifuge at 8000 rpm for 30 min. Combine the extracts and evaporate them to dr5mess under a stream of nitrogen, dry under vacuum at 50° for 1 h, reconstitute the residue with 100 (jiL MeOH, centrifiige, inject a 20 aL ahquot of the supernatant. 

Column 250 x 4.6 TSK-Gel C18 Mobile phase MeOHiwater (ratio not given) Injection volume 20 Detector UV 221 

Quantitative analysis of nonoxynol-9 in the blood, Contraception, 1991, 43,161-166. 

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Triethylenemelamine Ethylene oxide Chlorambucil Choline dihydrogen citrate Etofibrate Melphalan Nimorazole Nonoxynol Tyloxapol Uracil mustard... 

Spermicides, most of which contain nonoxynol-9, are surfactants that destroy sperm cell walls. They offer no protection against STDs, and when... 

The vaginal contraceptive sponge (Today) contains 1 g of nonoxynol-9 and provides protection for 24 hours. After intercourse, the sponge must be left in place for at least 6 hours before removal, ft is available without a prescription. 

Nonocomposites, 6 699 Nonoriented steels, 23 309 Nonoxidizing antimicrobials, in industrial water treatment, 26 148-149, 150 Nonoxynol-9, cosmetic surfactant, 7 834t Nonoxynol-12, cosmetic surfactant, 7 834t Nonpetroleum-based transportation fuels, 10 59... 

Sodium nitroprusside, 74 536 Sodium nonoxynol-25 sulfate cosmetic surfactant, 7 834t Sodium oleoyl isethionate cosmetic surfactant, 7 834t Sodium orthophosphates, 73 8321 Sodium orthosilicates commercial, 22 465, 466t, 469t manufacture of, 22 464, 465 Sodium oxide(s), 2 273, 22 765 in cement, 5 468 contamination by, 22 776 Sodium ozonide, 79 417 Sodium palmitate, as soap, 22 726 Sodium pentaborate... 

Dosage The test material should be one (concentration, vehicle, etc.) that is intended for human application. There will also be a sham-negative control (catheter in place but nothing administered), a vehicle control, and a positive control (generally 2% nonoxynol-9). 

Topical spermicides such as nonoxynol-9 (N9) and benzalkonium chloride act on sperm membranes through a detergent effect, namely, hydrophobe-hydrophobe interaction between the active and substrate (spermatozoa). The idea was to optimize the cationic/hydrophobic polymer in the drug delivery system so epithelial cells were protected without sacrificing the drug s spermicidal activity. One of the questions that needed to be answered in designing an optimum cationic/hydrophobe modified polymer was the effect of the hydrophobe on the drug activity (N9 initially, and other actives subsequently). 

Conventional vaginal delivery systems include tablets, foams gels, suspensions, and pessaries. Mucoadhesive gel formulations based on polycarbophil have been reported to remain 3 to 4 days at the vaginal tissue, providing an excellent vehicle for the delivery of progesterone and nonoxynol-9 [66]. 

Blend water, ALS, ALES-4, Monateric CAB-LC, Monalux CAD-LC, Nonoxynol 10 and heat to 40-60C. Stir cool to 35-40C and adjust pH to 6-6.5 with 50% citric acid. 

Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate 26% Ammonium Laureth (4) Sulfate (60%) Monateric CAB-LC Monalux CAO-LC Nonoxynol 10... 

Butyl Cellosolve 3-6 Nonoxynol 9.5 1-5 Sodium Metasilicate 5H20 3.8 TKPP 3.B Water 61.6... 

Birth control may also involve a spermicide, such as the nonoxynol-9 shown in Table 14.3. When used in conjunction with a barrier device, such as a condom or a cervical diaphragm, spermicides can be close to 95 percent effective at preventing pregnancy. 

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