Nonionic dispersing agent

When Fast Colour Salts are used hydrochloric acid and sodium nitrite are obviously not required, although some Fast Colour Salts do need an addition of acetic or formic acid. The nonionic dispersing agent is still necessary but as most Fast Colour Salts contain an alkali-... 

Formation of Hposomal vesicles under controlled conditions of emulsification of Hpids with phosphoHpids has achieved prominence in the development of dmgs and cosmetics (42). Such vesicles are formed not only by phosphoHpids but also by certain nonionic emulsifying agents. Formation is further enhanced by use of specialized agitation equipment known as microfluidizers. The almost spontaneous formation of Hposomal vesicles arises from the self-assembly concepts of surfactant molecules (43). Vesicles of this type are unusual sustained-release disperse systems that have been widely promoted in the dmg and cosmetic industries. 

When scouring synthetic fibres that are to be dyed with disperse dyes, nonionic scouring agents are best avoided unless they are formulated to have a high cloud point and are known not to adversely affect the dispersion properties of the dyes. Conversely, when scouring acrylic fibres, anionic surfactants should be avoided [156] because they are liable to interfere with the subsequent application of basic dyes. These fibres are usually scoured with an ethoxylated alcohol, either alone or with a mild alkali such as sodium carbonate or a phosphate. 

A major drawback of synthetic thickeners when used with dyes is their sensitivity to electrolytes. Most soluble dyes behave as highly ionised electrolytes and disperse dyes contain anionic polyelectrolyte dispersing agents unless they have been formulated with nonionic systems specifically for use with acrylic thickeners. Consequently there is a loss of viscosity this can be quite pronounced although it depends on circumstances, particularly on the dye concentration. As already mentioned, this can be alleviated to some extent by copolymerisation with acrylamide during manufacture. Otherwise it is necessary to try to eliminate all electrolytes from the system or to increase the concentration of thickener. Such measures have their limitations in practice, however. Alternative synthetic thickening... 

CondChemDict (1961), p 438 (Emulphors are nonionic emulsifying dispersing agents the compn of Emulphor CO-10 is not reported)... 

PTFE micropowders or fluoroadditives (e.g., Zonyl TE-3887, DuPont) are available in aqueous dispersions with 50% to 60% solids. They have very small particle size, typically in the range of 2 to 20 pm, and contain typically 6% of nonionic wetting agent and stabilizer. Usual pH of these dispersions is 10. PTFE micropowders are used as additives to paints and coatings, for demolding, and for lubrication (for details see Publication L-13812, 01/07, DuPont). 

As supplied, PTFF dispersions contain nonionic wetting agent (surfactant), which provides them with good wetting properties and a minimum tendency to foam. Generally, nonionic surfactants are preferred because they are less likely to induce... 

Leveling and dispersing agent for anionic-cationic dyeing systems. Extremely effective in dyeing of acrylics and blends. Nonionic... 

A very fast nonionic wetting agent for use in scouring and dyeing all fibers. It is compatible with all dye types and has excellent dispersing properties. Effective at room temperature because of its cold water solubility. Excellent for Kuster dyeing prewet. 

Nonionic dispersant and corapatibilizer recommended for one bath dyeing of anionic/cationic or disperse/cationic combinations and as a dispersing agent for optical brighteners. 

Nonionic leveling and dispersing agent for disperse dyes. 

Use As nonionic dispersing and emulsifying agents for paper, leather, and textile industries. 

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