Nonemulsifiers

Surfactants Nonemulsifiers Prevent water-wetting of formation... 

Rocking device with two- and three-phase cells (free boundary method) Nonemulsifying method for determining partition coefficient 9,10... 

D Reese, G Irwin, L Dittert, C Chong, J Swintosky. Nonemulsifying method for measuring distribution coefficients. J Pharm Sci 53 591, 1964. 

Average treatment volume was 600 gallons. All fluids contained 1% (by volume) of water wetting non-emulsifier. The treatments utilizing a cationic organic polymer included the polymer in all aqueous based fluids. The reported polymer concentration of one percent by volume of the aqueous polymer solution as supplied. Active polymer concentration is actually less than this. When the clay stabilization polymer was part of the well treatment, a non-ionic water wetting nonemulsifier was used. 

Nonemulsifiers. Surfactants reduce surface tension of acid solutions disperse and suspend fine solids. 

Nonemulsifiable and emulsifiable polymeric methylene diisocyanates (Desmodur VP PU 1520 A 31 and 1520 E, Messrs. Bayer, West Germany) were combined with maize starch and solutions of tannin extract or protein. 

Adhesives from Diisocyanates and Tannins. The tannin extracts were mixed as powders or solutions with nonemulsifiable or emulsifiable diisocyanate. The potlife of the formulations of extract powders with nonemulsifiable diisocyanate was sufficient the viscosities of the mixtures remained nearly constant for more than 5 hours. With extract solutions, the viscosity of the glue increased... 

Table II. Strength of Plywood1 Bonded with Formulations of Nonemulsifiable Diisocyanate and Spruce or Pine Bark Extracts (40% Solution)...

Table V. Mechanical Properties of 19-mm Particleboard1 Bonded with Mixtures of Nonemulsifiable Diisocyanate (PMDI) and Starch or Glutin...

In some experiments with nonemulsifiable diisocyanates, adhesive squeezeout was observed during pressing. It could be reduced by using fillers like gypsum, chalk, or wood flour. All in all, the use of fillers increased the binding qualities of the glue formulations (Table VI). 

Table VI. Influence of Fillers on Strength of Beech Plywood1 Bonded with Formulations in Nonemulsifiable Diisocyanate (PMDI) and Tannin Extracts (50% Solutions)...

In Table V, the mechanical properties of particleboard bonded with nonemulsifiable diisocyanate modified with maize starch are given. The extender content for the diisocyanate was up to 20%. However, with increasing extender content, the internal bond of the boards decreased, and the thickness swelling increased the boards had V100 quality. First tests with adhesives of diisocyanates and starch were encouraging, and more attempts in developing new glue formulations... 

Nonemulsif3dng ointments do not nux with water. They adhere to the skin to prevent evaporation and heat loss, i.e. they can be considered a form of occlusive dressing (with increased systemic absorption of active ingredients) skin maceration may occur. Nonemulsifying ointments are helpful in chronic dry and scaly conditions, such as atopic eczema, and as vehicles they are not appropriate where there is significant exudation. They are difficult to remove except with oil or detergents and are messy and inconvenient, especially on hairy skin. Paraffin ointment contains beeswax, paraffins and cetostearyl alcohol. 

Free Water The readily separated, nonemulsified, water that is coproduced with oil from a production well. 

Free-Water Knockout (FWKO) A vessel designed to separate the readily separated (nonemulsified or Tree ) water from oil or an oil-containing emulsion. Further water and solids removal may be accomplished in a treater. 

The nonemulsifying grade is used in topical formulations as an emollient and as an emulsifying agent for water-in-oil emulsions. It is also a stabilizer for oil-in-water emulsions. The self-emulsifying grade is used as a primary emulsifier for oil-inwater systems." ... 

Isocyanates [polymeric MDI (PMDI)] as a fortifier for phenolic resins have only been used in the past in rare cases. Deppe and Ernst [41] reported a precuring reaction between the isocyanate and the phenolic resin, even if both components had been applied separately to the particles. Hse et al. [36] also found good results with an isocyanate and a PF resin added separately to wood particles. Pizzi and Walton [191] reported on the reactions and their mechanisms of PF resins premixed in the glue mix with nonemulsifiable water-based diisocyanate adhesives for exterior plywood. Pizzi et al. [192] reported on the industrial applications of such systems (PF -I- PMDI -I- sometimes tannin accelerator UF + PMDI)... 

Chem. Descrip. Highly branched, med. m.w. polyethylene wax CAS 9002-88-4 EINECS/ELINCS 200-815-3 Uses Wax used in hot-melt adhesives and coatings for papers and pkg. materials paraffin modifiers in slush and cast molding, candles, inte processing aid for rubber compounding dispersant for color cones. food pkg. adhesives, coatings, paper, cellophane, rubber defoamer in food-contact coatings, paper/paperboard Features Nonemulsifiable low density... 

Features Nonemulsifiable easily blended with waxes to improve tens. 

Features Nonemulsifiable wax easily blended with waxes to improve tens, str., abrasion resistance, and adhesion to tibrous substrates powd. version ot Epolene N-10 Properties Powd. 

Features Nonemulsifiable improved resist, to soivs. and oils, and good hsrdnGss... 

Chem. Descrip. Cryst. oxidized Ziegler-type polyethylene wax CAS 68441-17-8 EINECS/ELINCS 200-815-3 Uses Lubricant wax PVC lubricant for transparent prods. in anionic emulsions to carry nonemulsifiable microwaxes, paraffins, etc. melting agent, water repellent in paints abrasion-resist, printing inks mixed saponified polishes preservative in textiles for crosslinking with wash-and-wear resins process aid and mold release in rubber compds. improves filler disp. corrosion inhibitor Features Hard, high-melting... 

The best adhesive formulation for phloroglucinolic tannins, such as pine tannin extracts is, instead, a comparatively new and is also capable of giving excellent results when using resorcinol tannins such as a wattle tannin extract [68-71]. The adhesive gluemix consists only of a mix of an unmodified tannin extract 50 per cent solution to which paraformaldehyde and polymeric nonemulsifiable 4,4 -diphenylmethane diisocyanate (commercial pMDI) are added [68-71]. The proportion of tannin extract solids to pMDI can be as high as 70/30 w/w, but can be much lower in pMDI content. This adhesive is based on the peculiar mechanism by which the pMDI in water, is hardly deactivated to polyureas because it reacts faster with the hydroxymethyl groups of a formaldehyde-based resin, be it a tannin or another resin [69,71]. 

Free Water. The readily separated, nonemulsified water associated with a practical water-in-od emulsion. 

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