Nocturnal, defined

Extensive studies have been done on a clearly defined asthma syndrome produced by exposure to western red cedar. ° Plicatic acid has been identified as the etiologic agent. The western red cedar asthma syndrome includes rhinitis, conjunctivitis, wheezing, cough, and nocturnal attacks of breathlessness characterized by a precipitous decline in FEVi. There is no apparent relation between skin sensitivity and respiratory changes. No precipitating IgG antibodies are found in the serum of sensitized individuals, and circulating IgE antibodies are present in about one-third of affected individuals. 

If the model for the oscillator is correct. Per and Cry expression will define solar/ circadian time, driving the activity—rest cycle rather than just being a passive reflection of the activity cycle. Therefore, their expression patterns should exhibit the same phase in the SCN of nocturnal and diurnal species. This is confirmed by examination of Per expression in the SCN of the diurnally active ground squirrel, Spermophilus (Mrosovsky et al 2001). The rhythm of Per1 and Per2 expression in... 

In addition, the efficacy of acupuncture on penile erection has been tested. Organic disease was excluded by a combination of nocturnal penile tumescence monitoring and pharmacologically enhanced duplex ultrasonography. Twenty-nine patients with a mean age of 40 years received a series of ten treatments over a 4-week period. If no improvement was observed, they received a second course of ten treatments. Mean follow-up was 8 months. Of the patients, 69% demonstrated successful results, defined as having two or more erections per week that were satisfactory for intercourse (Crimmel et al., 2001). 

Boerhaave to Bassand, 17 September 1728, Correspondence 2 276-279. Boerhaave defined the injudicious life as nocturnal fatigues, wakefulness, heat, cold, overeating, the consumption of generous wines and brandy, and lastly immoderate doses of spirits of salt (sal volatile) The waters for the medicine have to be the best waters from the Pouhont spring at Spa or from Schwalbach. 

The development in subjects receiving the diet alone was slow, and the effect on height increment and onset of sexual function was strikingly enhanced in those receiving zinc. The zinc-supplemented boys gained considerably more height than those receiving ample protein diet alone. The zinc-supplemented subjects showed evidence of early onset of sexual function, as defined by nocturnal emission in males and menarche in females. The two women described in this report were from hospital clinic and represented the first cases of dwarfism in females because of zinc deficiency (20). 

HMG-CoA reductase is an integral protein of the endoplasmic reticulum and the primary site of regulation of synthesis of cholesterol and nonsterol isoprenoid derivatives. Its activity has a well-defined diurnal rhythm in rats and mice, coinciding with that of the enzyme s synthesis and of the mRNA concentration. Activity is highest at about the middle of the dark period and lowest at about the middle of the light period. Its mechanism may be related to food consumption. Rats are nocturnal animals and consume food in the dark the increased bile production and excretion depletes liver cholesterol and may stimulate the increased synthesis of HMG-CoA reductase as a compensatory mechanism. 

The desired outcomes have been described previously. Control of asthma is defined as achieving a minimal need for rescue shortacting /S2-agonists (ideally none), no acute episodes, no limitations on activity, no emergency care visits, no nocturnal symptoms, normal (or near-normal) pulmonary functions (FEVi and PEP), minimal to no medication side effects, and satisfaction of the patient and family with asthma care. Depending on the severity of the patient s asthma, compromises from the ideal control are made, and the best possible outcome balancing disease control and possible adverse effects from the drugs is attempted. 

As mentioned by Doering and Knox (1956, footnote 9), the present meaning of the name carbene was collaboratively conceived by Doering, Winstein, and Woodward in a nocturnal Chicago taxi and later (1951) delivered diurnally in Boston . Carbenoids have been defined by Closs and Moss (1964) as intermediates that exhibit reactions qualitatively similar to those of carbenes without necessarily being free divalent carbon species . As mentioned already, this definition is applicable first of all to transition metal complexes of carbenes. 

Anxiety can be defined as a sense of apprehensive expectation. In reasonable amounts and at appropriate times, anxiety is helpful (e.g., anxiety before an examination may cause a student to initiate an appropriate study plan). Too much anxiety, however, can be deleterious. Anxiety can be considered pathological when it is either completely inappropriate to the situation or is in excess of what the situation normally should call for. An example of the former is nocturnal panic attacks—episodes of extreme anxiety that arise out of one of the most physiologically quiet times of the day, stage lll/IV sleep (64). An example of the latter is specific phobias—for example, an irrational fear to venture outside of one s home. 

Nocturnal hypoventilation, which persists during the day in obese patients with nocturnal apneas and hypoventilation may be associated with COPD, defining the overlap syndrome (3). In 264 OSAS patients (32), 30 had coexistent COPD, with hypoxemia in 57%, hypercapnia in 27%, and PH in 37% of them. In the other 234 pure OSAS patients, only 26% were hypoxic, 8.5% were hypercapnic, and 11 % had PH at baseline. The same schedule may be proposed for OHS, but long-term studies are also warranted to confirm the initial choice and continuation of nCPAP or bi-level NIV. 

Lecidea macrocarpa. With a 12/12 (light hours/dark hours) alternation at 14° 1°C, it exhibited a well-defined nocturnal rhythm (Fig. 6). When transferred to conditions of continuous light, the rhythm persists for a while, but eventually is depressed. From Table IV, it can be seen that... 

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