Nitto Chemical Company

Several industrial processes using lyases as catalysts have been reported. Perhaps the most prominent lyase-catalyzed process is the production of acrylamide from acrylnitrile. This process is carried out by the Nitto Chemical Company of Japan at a scale of more than 40,000 tons per year. Another example is the use of a fumarase for the production of (5 )-malic acid from fumaric acid. As shown in Fig. 7, a water molecule is added to the double bond in fumarate by means of an addition reaction. The result is a cleavage of the carbon-carbon double bond, and a formation of a new carbon-oxygen bond. A third example is bio-catalytic production of a cyanohydrin from a ketone. This reaction is catalyzed by a lyase called oxynitrilase. It consists of the cleavage of one carbon-oxygen bond, and the addition of a HCN molecule. The chirality of the product is based on the form of the enzyme used (/ -oxynitrilase or 5-oxynitrilase). ... 

The largest production of acrylamide is in Japan the United States and Europe also have large production faciUties. Some production is carried out in the Eastern Bloc countries, but details concerning quantities or processes are difficult to obtain. The principal producers in North America are The Dow Chemical Company, American Cyanamid Company, and Nalco Chemical Company (internal use) Dow sells only aqueous product and American Cyanamid sells both Hquid and sohd monomer. In Europe, Chemische Eabrik Stockhausen Cie, Ahied CoUoids, The Dow Chemical Company, and Cyanamid BV are producers Dow and American Cyanamid are the only suppHers to the merchant market, and crystalline monomer is available from American Cyanamid. Eor Japan, producers are Mitsubishi Chemical Industries, Mitsui Toatsu, and Nitto Chemical Industries Company (captive market). Crystals and solutions are available from Mitsui Toatsu and Mitsubishi, whereas only solution monomer is available from Nitto. 

Jpii Kokai Tokkyo Koho 79 118,404 (1979), Y. Inoue and co-workers (to Shin-Etsu Chemical Industry Company, Limited Nitto Chemical... 

Although biocatalysis is the new kid on the block, more and more companies are using enzymes for chemical manufacture. One reason for this is that biocatalysts give sustainable alternatives to chemical manufacture, and not just for making chiral products. The synthesis of acrylamide via an enzyme-catalyzed water addition to acrylonitrile (2-propenenitrile) is a classic example (Figure 1.15). It uses the Rhodo-coccus enzyme nitrile hydratase. Commercialized in 1985 by Nitto Chemicals in... 

Mitsubishi Rayon (formerly Nitto Chemical) has operated a process since 1984 in which the equilibrium of methylamine formation is shifted to make more dimethylamine by use of an acid zeolite catalyst with a particular pore structure. The product stream contains 7 mol% MMA, 86 mol% DMA and 7 mol% TMA, and its investment as well as its operating costs are lower than the conventional Leonard process that is used by most companies. Since DMA has the highest sales volume, the process might be appealing246. 

Acrylamide with a demand of 200,000 tons year" is one of the most important commodities in the world. It is used for the preparation of coagulators, soil conditioners, stock additives for paper treatment, and in leather and textile industry as a component of synthetic fibers. Conventional chemical synthesis involving hydration of acrylonitrile with the use of copper salts as a catalyst has some disadvantages rate of acrylic acid formation higher than acrylamide, by-products formation and polymerization, and high-energy inputs. To overcome these limits since 1985, the Japanese company Nitto Chemical Industry developed a biocatalyzed process to synthesize... 

Diarock (Nitto Chemical Ind., Japan), marketed internationally for about a decade beginning in the mid-1960s, appears (from the manufacturer s literature) to be basic urea-formaldehyde resin (not a prepolymer). Cyanaloc 62 (American Cyanamid Company, Wayne, New Jersey) is a prepolymer marketed as a concentrated liquid which is diluted with water for field use. Sodium bisulfate is the catalyst normally used, and the relationship between catalyst concentration and setting time is shown in Fig. 

Tertiary butylamine had a world wide production of 1.4 million tons in 1988 [108]. Over 57% was produced using the Ritter reaction. Sterling Chemicals, Nitto Chemical Industry, and Sumitomo Chemicals use the Ritter process [109]. BASF is the only company producing tertiary butylamine with the olefins amination process. 

LUBRIZOL CORPORATION (THE) MACDERMID INCORPORATED MARATHON OIL CORP MATHESON TRI-GAS INC MINERALS TECHNOLOGIES INC MITSUI CHEMICALS INC MOHAWK INDUSTRIES INC MONSANTO CO NAGASE CO LTD NALCO HOLDING COMPANY NITTO DENKO CORPORATION NL INDUSTRIES INC NYPRO INC... 

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