Nitrous oxide consumption

Soils can both produce and consume nitrous oxide (Blackmer and Bremner, 1978 Letey et al., 1981). The net source of NjO from wetlands represents the combined production and consumption rates of 

Emission of Nitrous Oxide from Flooded Swamp Forests Amended with 10 g N m of Ammonium Sulfate and KNO3, Respectively 

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A small but important use of ammonium nitrate is in the production of nitrous oxide during the 1980s consumption for this purpose averaged about 30,000 t. The gas is generated by controlled heating of ammonium nitrate above 200°C. Nitrous oxide is used primarily as an anesthetic and as an aerosol propellant for food products (see Anesthetics Aerosols). 

Energy production and consumption pose nature into pressure and make the energy sector becomes the largest contributor of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission in Vietnam since 2010, accounting for 67%. Several emission sources of GHG could be found in a waste treatment facilities it came from (1) emission of methane (CH4, GWP 25) at landfill of mixed waste, (2) from emission of fossil carbon dioxide through the combustion of plastics and composites or supported fuels (auxiliary), and (3) from emission of nitrous oxide (NOx) during incineration/ pretreatment process, etc. 

As shown in Table II, in the presence of polymer, the enclosed nitrous oxide is completely consumed during irradiation. In the place of nitrous oxide, nitrogen and water are formed. The yield of nitrogen or water corresponds stoichiometrically to the loss of nitrous oxide. A large G value, about 2000, is given for the disappearance of nitrous oxide. Estimation of the G value is based on the assumption that the available energy for the consumption is only that absorbed directly by the gas dissolved in the polymer solid. The G values for the formation of water and nitrogen should be equal to 2000. Moreover, the summation of the amount of the excess formation of crosslinks and unsaturation becomes stoichiometrically almost equal to the loss of nitrous oxide, as shown in Table III. The equation of material balance of nitrous oxide, therefore, should be written as follows ... 

Polyisobutylene and Polypropylene. In a similar way, the material balance of nitrous oxide in the case of polyisobutylene was measured as shown in Table IV. In this case, whereas the enclosed nitrous oxide is not completely consumed during irradiation, the consumption proceeds... 

Deep plough-based organic systems may increase energy consumption in agroecosystems (Kouwenhoven ef al. 2002), which is another important indicator of environmental impact. In contrast, mulch-based systems and systems in which manure is left on the soil surface or is shallowly incorporated would enhance N volatilisation losses to the atmosphere. However, compared to ploughing, shallow incorporation (rotovation) of an organic ley did not significantly increase cumulative nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from soil (van der Weerden ef al. 2000). 

The nitrogen atoms are then oxidized to NO by reaction with OH (R116), or they can be converted to N2 by reaction with NO (R114b). At lower temperatures the oxidation mechanism for HCN is more complicated, involving formation and consumption of a number of pollutant species including oxicyanides, amines (NH,), and nitrous oxide (N20). 

Nowadays, the main practical application of nitrous oxide is related to medicine. It is also used also as a foaming agent in the food industry, for the preparation of lead and sodium azide propellants as well as gas generators in car air-bags. In addition, N20 is used also to enhance the power of racing cars. The total consumption of nitrous oxide for all these applications is rather small, and its annual production does not exceed several tens of thousands tons. 

Medical grade nitrous oxide is a prescription drug sold as a compressed liquid in cylinder tanks. Its buyer requires appropriate credentials to obtain it (which are governed by state law). Nitrous oxide used for other legitimate applications, such as manufacturing and auto racing, is often sold in a denatured form. Denatured nitrous contains chemicals that render it unfit for human consumption. 

Because standard samples contain only a limited number of elements whose concentration lies in the range of this method, we would determine, for example, 9 trace elements in 15 attempts, 3 times each, involving a consumption of 150pi of sample solution (Table 3). The pairs Cu 324.7 nm/ Cr357.9n, Ni 314.5nm/Mn 279.5nm and Zn 213.9nm/Co 240.7nm were determined with the air/acetylene flame, and A1 309.3 nm/Mo 313.3 nm and Mg 285.2 nm were determined with the nitrous oxide/acetylene flame. 

Cohen, Y. (1978). Consumption of dissolved nitrous oxide in an anoxic basin, Saanich Inlet, British... 

Cohen, Y., and Gordon, L. I. (1978). Nitrous oxide in the oxygen minimum of the eastern tropical North Pacific Evidence for its consumption during denitrification and possible mechanisms for its... 

Punshon, S., and Moore, R. M. (2004). Nitrous oxide production and consumption in a eutrophic coastal embayment. Mar. Chem. 91, 37-51. 

Ronner, U. (1983). Distribution, production and consumption of nitrous oxide in the Baltic Sea. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 47, 2179—2188. 

Laursen, A. E., and Seitzinger, S. P. (2004). Diurnal patterns of denitrification, oxygen consumption and nitrous oxide production in rivers measured at the whole-reach scale. Freshw. Biol. 49, 1448-1458. 

Figure 25 Effect of copper on nitrite (NO2) consumption and nitrous oxide (N2O) evolution in a culture of the denitrifying bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri. Concentration of nitrite (triangles) and nitrous oxide (circles) in copper-replete (open symbols) and copper-deficient (closed symbols) medium (after Granger and Ward, 2002).

In Microbial Production and Consumption of Greenhouse Gases Methane, Nitrous Oxides, and Halomethanes (eds. J. E. Rogers and W. B. Whitman). American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, pp. 255-275. 

Moffitt EA, Sethna DH, Gary RJ, Raymond MJ, Matloff JM, Bussell JA. Nitrous oxide added to halothane reduces coronary flow and myocardial oxygen consumption in patients with coronary disease. Can Anaesth Soc J 1983 30(l) 5-9. 

With worldwide phenol consumption exceeding 5 million tons in 1995, optimizing production routes of this essential chemical becomes very important. As an alternative to the traditional cumene process, a one-step-synthesis of phenol from benzene is highly desirable. With a ZSM5 type zeolite in its acid form as catalyst and nitrous oxide as oxidant, benzene may be directly oxidized to phenol [1-4] ... 

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