2-Nitropropane cancer

Fiala, E.S., Conway, C.C. Mathis, J.E. (1989) Oxidative DNA and RNA damage in livers of Sprague-Dawley rats treated with the hepatocarcinogen 2-nitropropane. Cancer Res., 49, 5518-5522... 

Takagi, A., Sai, K., Umemura, T., Hasegawa, R. Kurokawa, Y. (1995) Inhibitory effects of vitamin E and ellagic acid on 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine formation in liver nuclear DNA of rats treated with 2-nitropropane. Cancer Lett., 91, 139-144... 

A comprehensive study of the tolerance of laboratory animals to vapors of 2-nitropropane was reported in 1952 (100). In a study pubHshed in 1979, rabbits and rats survived exposure to nitromethane for six months at 750 and 100 ppm, respectively, with no unexpected findings (101). Similarly, no compound-related effects were found for rabbits exposed to 2-nitropropane at 200 ppm or for rabbits or rats exposed at 27 ppm. Liver damage was extensive in male rats exposed at 207 ppm for six months, and hepatocellular carcinomas were observed. Subsequendy, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (lARC) found that there is "sufficient evidence" to conclude that 2-nitropropane causes cancer in rats but that epidemiologic data are inadequate to reinforce the conclusion in humans (102). The National Toxicology Program also concluded that it "may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen" (103). 

Chronic health effects in humans from exposure to 2-nitropropane have not been adequately determined, although a retrospective mortality smdy of 1481 employees and former employees of a 2-nitropropane production facility with up to 27 years of exposure found no increase in cancer of the liver or other organs and no unusual disease mortality pattern. ... 

Astorg, R, Berges, R. Suschetet. M. (1994) Induction of y-GT- and GST-P positive foci in the liver of rats treated with 2-nitropropane or propane 2-nitronate. Cancer Lett., 19. 101-106... 

Fiala, E.S., Nie, G, Sodum, R., Conaway, C.C. Sohn, O.S. (1993) 2-Nitropropane-induced liver DNA and RNA base modifications differences between Sprague-Dawley rats and New Zealand White rabbits. Cancer Lett., 74, 9-14... 

Robbiano, L., Mattioli, F. Brambilla, G. (1991) DNA fragmentation by 2-nitropropane in rat tissues, and effects of the modulation of biotransformation processes. Cancer Lett., 51,61-66... 

Some industrial solvents are found on the Proposition 65 Hst. As of January 1, 1993 (2), benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, methjlene chloride, 1,4-dioxane, 2-nitropropane, and perchloroethylene have been Hsted as substances known to the state of California to cause cancer. Ethji alcohol in alcohoHc beverages, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethjiene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, and toluene are Hsted as substances known to the state of California to cause reproductive toxicity. Because the Hst is being expanded periodically, it is necessary for a user of industrial solvents to maintain awareness of the Proposition 65 Hst. 

In its 1986 monograph on tobacco smoking, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (lARC) discussed many of the details of A-nitrosamines and tobacco-specific A-nitrosamines in tobacco smoke. Despite the reports prior to 1985 on the identification in tobacco smoke of many nitro components (1755, 1758, 2137, 3086), lARC listed only one nitro compound, 2-nitropropane, as a biologically active smoke component [see Table 19, pp. 86-87 in (1870)]. In its listing of the evaluation of tobacco smoke components for... 

Nitropropane is being used extensively in the L.S..A. as a solvent. It was recently reported that prolonged exposure of rats to the action of 2-nitro-propane can produce cancer [2]. 

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