Nitrogen sedimentary rock

Papineau, D., Mojzsis, S.J., Karhu, J.A., and Marty, B., 2005. Nitrogen isotopic composition of ammo-niated phyllosilicates case studies from Precambrian metamorphosed sedimentary rocks. Chem. Geol., 216, 37-58. 

At the same time, a massive condensation of water vapours occurred with the gradual formation of the hydrosphere, which necessarily affected the evolution of the atmosphere, e.g. by dissolving a portion of carbon dioxide in liquid water with a subsequent formation of the oldest sedimentary rocks. Hydrogen and helium gradually left the region in space affected by the earth s gravitation on account of their low molar masses, and the atmosphere became relatively enriched in nitrogen. 

Collister, J. W. J. M. Hayes, 1991. A preliminary study of the carbon and nitrogen isotope biogeochetnistry of lacustrine sedimentary rocks from the Green River Formation, Wyoming, Utah and Colorado. U.S.G.S. Bull. 1973-A-G C1-C16. 

Petroleum is the mixture of gaseous, liquid, and solid hydrocarbons (although the term is often restricted to the non-gases) derived from chemical reactions on prehistoric animal and vegetable matter which occurs as reservoirs in sedimentary rocks from which it is extracted. Petroleum (8002-05-9) syn. crude oil or petroleum oil also contains inorganics such as compounds of sulphur, nitrogen, oxygen, metals, etc. 

Coal (the term is used generically throughout the book to include aU types of coal) is a black or brownish-black organic sedimentary rock of biochanical origin, which is combustible and occurs in rock strata (coal beds, coal seams) and is composed primarily of carbon with variable proportions of hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Coal occurs in seams or strata. 

Coal Combustible, sedimentary rock that is primarily composed of carbon and smaller amounts of sulfur, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen and used as the largest source of energy for the generation of electricity worldwide and as one of the main feedstocks to create steel. 

Fertilizer and Minerals for Industry. Fertilizers contain minerals that have nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and a few other elements necessary for the growth of plants. In Peru, deposits of guano (seabird excrement), which is rich in these elements, have been mined and used as fertilizer. Saltpeter (potassium nitrate) has also been mined in Peru. A calcium phosphate mineral, apatite, occurs in some sedimentary rocks, so some of these have been mined for the phosphorus. 

Shale is the eommon name for fine-grained sedimentary rock made of clay or mud layers. The gas, which is trapped in this rock is called shale gas. The composition of shale gas is similar to that of natural gas. The typical composition of natural gas is given in Table 8.4. It contains mainly methane (70-90%) with small proportions of nitrogen, ethane, propane, the noble gasses, oxygen and carbon oxide [6]. ... 

Our study of sedimentary apatite from Israel proved that laser-induced time-resolved luminescence is a perspective tool for evaluation of sedimentary phosphate ores with high dolomite content (Gaft et al. 1993b). The idea was based on the fact that natural apatite contains several characteristic luminescence centers, which enables us to differentiate it from dolomite. The most widespread characteristic luminescence center in sedimentary apatite is uranyl (U02) with a typical vibrational green band luminescence under nitrogen laser excitation (Fig. 8.13a,b). Nevertheless, it appears that such luminescence is absent in phosphate rock samples from Florida, evidently because of extremely low uranium concentration (Fig. 8.13c,d). hi order to find potential liuninescence centers, ICP-MS analyses of Florida phosphates was accompHshed. From discovered REE, theoretically Dy + is the best candidate... 

To begin the discussion, we will present briefly a view of the modern carbon cycle, with emphasis on processes, fluxes, reservoirs, and the "CO2 problem". In Chapter 4 we introduced this "problem" here it is developed further. We will then investigate the rock cycle and the sedimentary cycles of those elements most intimately involved with carbon. Weathering processes and source minerals, basalt-seawater reactions, and present-day sinks and oceanic balances of Ca, Mg, and C will be emphasized. The modern cycles of organic carbon, phosphorus, nitrogen, sulfur, and strontium are presented, and in Chapter 10 linked to those of Ca, Mg, and inorganic C. In conclusion in Chapter 10, aspects of the historical geochemistry of the carbon cycle are discussed, and tied to the evolution of Earth s surface environment. 

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