Decreased urine specific gravity

Renal toxicity - Renal toxicity may be characterized by decreased creatinine clearance, cells or casts in the urine, decreased urine specific gravity, oliguria, proteinuria, or evidence of nitrogen retention. Renal damage is usually reversible. The relative nephrotoxicity of these agents is estimated to be Kanamycin = Amikacin = Gentamicin = Tobramycin Streptomycin. 

Serum creatinine increases up to 500 mM/L after 12 months, whereas creatinine clearance decreases. Significantly increased urine volumes are accompanied by decreased urine specific gravity indicating a decreased concentrating ability. Proteinuria is significantly increased. Terminal uremia occurs after 14—15 months. 

Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hyperphosphatemia, decreased urine specific gravity, normal BUN level... 

Lithium reduces the kidney s ability to concentrate urine and may cause a nephrogenic diabetes insipidus with low urine specific gravity and low osmolality polyuria (urine volume greater than 3 L/day). This may be treated with loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics, or triamterene. If a thiazide diuretic is used, lithium doses should be decreased by 50% and lithium and potassium levels monitored. 

At 3 ppm Irritation of the eyes and upper respiratory tract, decreased body weight gain, increased urine specific gravity. 

At 1 ppm Slight irritation of the nasal mucosa and decrease in body weight in females increased urine specific gravity. 

Urine specific gravity - increased Urine volume - decreased (oliguria)... 

Experimental exposiue of neomycin in calves has reported both nephrotoxicity and ototocity (demonstrated clinically). The clinical pathological observations included granular casts in urine, proteinuria and low specific gravity, azotemia, decreased creatinine clearance, polyuria, and polydipsia. The histopathological findings included renal tubular epithelial degeneration and necrosis (Crowell et al, 1981). 

In 4 neonates the development of an isosmolar coma during parenteral alimentation with protein hydrolysate in excess of 4 g/kg/day has been observed. This hitherto unreported complication of parenteral nutrition is characterized by increasing stupor, diminished muscular activity and finally frank coma. These manifestations developed within 6—12 hours after the protein content of the infusate, casein, protein hydrolysate (Cutter) had been increased to or beyond 4 g/kg/day. During the coma, the serum osmolality was normal, the specific gravity of the urine decreased. Reversal of the clinical symptoms occurred promptly when the protein-containing infusion was discontinued (43 ). 

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