Nitrogen maceral concentrates

Kirkbride (1987) described the estimation of diazinon in human omental tissue (fatty tissue) after a fatal poisoning. In this method, the tissue was pulverized and extracted with acetone. After extract concentration and purification by sweep co-distillation and Florisil fractionation, diazinon was measured by gas chromatography (GC) with nitrogen-phosphorus detection (NPD). After another fatal diazinon poisoning, diazinon was quantified by GC/electron capture detection (ECD) and GC/flame ionization detection (FID) by Poklis et al. (1980). The diazinon in human adipose, bile, blood, brain, stomach contents, kidney, and liver was recovered by macerating the sample with acetonitrile followed by the addition of aqueous sodium sulfate and extraction into hexane. Following an adsorption chromatography clean-up, the sample was analyzed. 

For the recovery of p-carotene, vegetable sources are largely used. The material is macerated in a blender with methanol-acetone (2 1), filtered and reextracted until a colourless filtrate results. The combined filtrates are evaporated at less than 40°C in vacuo, the residue is dissolved in diethyl ether, washed with 10% sodium hydroxide solution and then with water, dried and concentrated. The isolated plant materials are stored at low temperature under nitrogen. 

Red wines have average nitrogen concentrations almost twice as high as those of white wines. This is dne to winemaking techniqnes, inclnding high-temperature maceration, which causes nitrogenated substances to dissolve more readily from the skins and seeds, as well as autolysis of dead yeast cells. 

General method. A sample of 50 g of material is macerated with 100 ml of acetone. After filtration, the procedure is repeated until the extract is almost colorless. Finally, the less polar pigments are extracted with portions of petroleum ether. The extracts are combined and concentrated by rotary evaporation at a temperature below 40 C. Water containing 10% NaCl is added to the residue, and the pigments are transferred to diethyl ether. The ether is evaporated under reduced pressure, and remaining traces of water removed by azeotropic distillation with benzene and small amounts of methanol. The pigments are stored at 4 C under a nitrogen atmosphere with acetone or diethyl ether as solvent. 

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