Nitric acid as oxidizer

Rastogi and Bisht (Ref 3a) made combustion studies on hybrid propints consisting of o-s m-and p-toluidine nitTates with aniline-formaldehyde polymer as solid fuels, and red fuming nitric acid as oxidizer. They found that the results fitted a burning rate equation of the type, = a (G)v, where a and v are constants and G is the mass velocity. The authors conclude that the heterogeneous combustion reaction is diffusion controlled, and its rate is dependent on particle size... 

Tonka. A liq rocket fuel (see under Liquid Propellants in Vol 7, L36-R). Ref 1 states that it consisted of 1 p triethylamine and 2p xylidine, while Ref 2 lists its ingredients as aniline plus dimethylaniline as the fuel with nitric acid as oxidizer... 

Non-asymmetric Oxidations Suarez and coworkers described the oxidation of sulfides using FeBr3 or (FeBr3)2(DMSO)3 (10mol%) and nitric acid as oxidant (Table 3.6) [157]. Both iron catalysts are able to provide sulfoxides in good yields (65-99%). 

CHE492), and when the oxidative iodination used nitric acid as oxidizer, mixtures of 3-iodo- and 3-nitro-2-pyrones eventuated (79CHE142). 

Durgapal, U. C., Dutta, P. K., Pant, G. C., lngalgaonkar, M. B., Oka, V Y., and Umap, B. B., Studies on hyper-golicity of several liquid fuels with fuming nitric acids as oxidizers, Propell. Explos., Pyrotech. 12, 149-153 (1987). 

Tolite/O = 79 °C = 174.2 °F Tolite/T = 80.1 °C = 176.2 °F (french) totuylene diisocyanate 135 342 Tonka = aniline and dimethylaniline as liquid rocket fuel together with nitric acid as oxidator (german) Torpex = mixture of RDX, TNT and aluminum 11 70 342 Totalit = AN with ca. 6% paraffin (swiss)... 

Furfural can be and has been used as a fuel for motor cars and airplanes. Under the trade name of FURALINE, a mixture of furfuryl alcohol, methanol, and xylidine (dimethyl aniline) is used as a rocket fuel. With nitric acid as oxidizer, a mixture of furfuryl alcohol with aniline is used as the fuel for the American CORPORAL rockets and the French VERONIQUE and EMERAUDE rockets. The latter system is hypergolic When the mixture of furfuryl alcohol and aniline (the fuel ) comes into contact with the nitric acid (the oxidizer ), it ignites by itself without external aid. Even alone, furfuryl alcohol explodes when mixed with concentrated nitric acid. 

Application of nitric acid as oxidizing agent for this purpose is restricted mainly to aliphatic sulfides because of possible nitration.613... 

Palladium(II) acetate is usually prepared by the reaction of Pd sponge in hot glacial acetic acid with nitric acid as oxidant. A slight excess of Pd sponge must be used to make sure that all the HNO3 is consumed. Several other palladium(II) carboxylates can be obtained similarly. The crystal-structure determination of the acetate reveals a trimeric structure with bridging acetates in the solid state (1). Thus, the compound is better formulated as [Pd(/u,-02CMe)2]3. 

A possible source of N2O is adipic acid production. N2O is the main component of the NO emitted during the oxidation of cyclohexanol to adipic acid with nitric acid as oxidant. Since phenol is used to make cyclohexanol, the processes could be coupled as shown in Figure 1.17. The molar amount of N2O is equivalent to that of reacted cyclohexanol. 

In order to circumvent the limited possibilities of the original Volta pile, the following period saw the development of other battery systems in which special oxidizers were introduced. In 1836, J. F. Daniell (1796-1845) developed a cell with an oxidizer in the form of copper ions in a copper sulfate solution. Cells with the use of nitric acid as oxidizer were developed in 1838 by W. R. Grove (1811-1896) and in 1841 by R. Bunsen (1811-1899). Cells containing sodium bichromate dissolved in sulfuric acid were developed in 1843 by Ch. Poggendorff (1824-1876) and in 1856 by Grenet. 

A process developed by Bergbau-Forschung recommends dilute nitric acid as oxidizing agent (Figure 8.1). 

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