Nipple cracks

No changes in breast-feeding frequency or duration were observed in infants of mothers using a topical application of peppermint gel daily for 14 days to prevent nipple cracking (Sayyah Melli et al. 2007). 

Sayyah Melli, M., M.R. Rashidi, A. Nokhoodchi, et al. 2007. A randomized trial of peppermint gel, lanolin ointment, and placebo gel to prevent nipple crack in primiparous breastfeeding women. Med. Set. Monit. 13(9) CR406-411. 

MeUi, M.S., M.R. Rashidi, and A. Delazar, et al., 2007. Effect of peppermint water on prevention of nipple cracks in lactating primiparous women A randomised controlled trial. Int. Breastfeeding J. 2 7. http // intemationalbreastfeedingjournal.com/content/2/1/7. 

In Chinese medicine cloves are used as a kidney tonic (especially for impotence associated with deficient yang), to warm the body, increase circulation and as a digestive aid. They are also used for nausea, vomiting, flatulence, hiccups, stomach chills, fever, caries, toothache, cholera, colic, cracked nipples, diarrhoea, dyspepsia, halitosis (chewing on the whole clove), unusual uterine bleeding, nasal polyps and impotence. The root is used for a weaker effect. The oil is employed for diarrhoea, halitosis, hernia, nausea and toothache. 

The crack-repair process also utilises a thixotropic epoxy compound known as a surface sealant. This is spread over the face of the crack primarily to prevent liquid epoxy binder from oozing out when injected into the cracks. It is also used for bonding the injection nipples to the surface of the cracks. 

Clean the crack and insert the injection nipples, made of metallic tubing [Figure 3.4(a)]. 

Inject the epoxy resin binder by a double-acting hydraulically-driven piston. Start at the lowest nozzle and work upward. At each stage as each nozzle and hole is filled cap the nipple to prevent resin from miming out before it gels [Figure 3.4(c)]. Repeat this method until the entire crack is filled, as indicated when additional resin is refused by the crack. 

After curing (approximately 24 hours) the nipples are cut off from the crack, providing a smooth, even surface [Figure 3.4(d)]. 

Figure 3.4 Repair of vertical cracks (a) injection nipples inserted along the crack (b) surface sealant applied over the crack (c) injection of epoxy system into the crack via the nipples, showing a capped nipple after injection has been completed (d) nipples have been removed...

Traditional use Fruits are widely used as a tonic, choleretic, and as a remedy for scurvy. An infusion of the fruits with honey is used to treat upper respiratory colds and coughs. A decoction of the roots is drunk to treat diarrhea. A decoction of the leaves is taken to treat dysentery and as a diuretic (Khodzhimatov 1989). The hips from this and related species are used to prevent scurvy and avitaminosis, to treat arteriosclerosis, cholecystitis, hepatitis, and gastrointestinal diseases, particularly with reduced bile production (Altimishev 1991). Oil of rose is used externally to treat cracked and injured nipples of breast feeding women, bedsores, trophic ulcers of the shins, and dermatosis (Muravyova 1978). The fruits are used to treat lung tuberculosis, diphtheria, scarlet fever, flu, and sore throat (Zakordonets 1953). 

Vertical cracks may be filled with a liquid epoxy sealer. Rrst, the face of the crack is sealed with a fast-setting epoxy compound, which is allowed to cure thoroughly. Small holes are then drilled into the crack through the epoxy seal, and nipples are installed in these holes and bonded with the same fast-setting epoxy. Low-viscosity epoxy sealer is then injected into the lowest nipple. Pressure is maintained until hquid begins to seep out of the next higher nipple. These two nipples are then plugged and the same procedure is resumed with the third nipple. This operation is continued until the entire crack is filled. After the sealer has cured, the nipples may be cut off flush with the concrete surface. 

Both German chamomile and Roman chamomile extracts are used in pharmaceutical preparations, with the former more frequently used they are used in antiseptic ointments, creams, and gels to treat cracked nipples, sore gums, inflammations, irritation of the skin and mucosa, respiratory tract inflammation, and for wound healing. The volatile oils are used in carminative, anti-spasmodic, and tonic preparations, among others. An infusion or tincture of the flower-heads is used for gastrointestinal spasms, inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, and peptic ulcers, menstrual disorders, in addition to mild sleep disorders, especially in children (bradly Escop 1 wichtl). ... 

Cracks or holes in the casing Failure of small piping attachments Thread corrosion on plugs and pipe nipples Inadequate thread engagement Seal or packing leaks Poor gasketing... 

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