Nilson

The element was discovered by Nilson in 1878 in the minerals euxenite and gadolinite, which had not yet been found anywhere except in Scandinavia. By processing 10 kg of euxenite and other residues of rare-earth minerals, Nilson was able to prepare about 2g of highly pure scandium oxide. Later scientists pointed out that Nilson s scandium was idenhcal with Mendeleev s ekaboron. 

Discovered by Gregor in 1791 named by Klaproth in 1795. Impure titanium was prepared by Nilson and Pettersson in 1887 however, the pure metal (99.9%) was not made until 1910 by Hunter by heating TiCk with sodium in a steel bomb. 

The more recent developments have been in the area of manufacture, Rune Nilson of SRM worked with the machine tool manufacturers to develop precision carbide form cutting tools. These permit the rotors to be cut in two to three passes with high accuracy, The machining time has been reduced significantly. 

National Electrical Code, 257 Naval Boiler and Turbine Laboratory, 337 NEMA, 115, 262, 335 NEMASM-23, 194 Newton s law, 391 Nilson, Hans, 95 Nilson, Rune, 96 Noise... 

Lars Frederik Nilson (1840-1899) found the element predicted by Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834-1907) as "eka-boron" in the mineral gadolinite. 

Ashton PR, Honnsell EF, Jayamaran N, Nilson TM, Spencer N, Stoddart JF, Young M (submitted) J Am Chem Soc, receipt of a copy of the manuscript prior to publication is gratefully acknowledged... 

Ahlberg, J. H., Nilson, E. N. Walsh, J. L. (1967). The Theory of Splines and their Applications. New York Academic Press. 

The monolithic technology was used for CEC by Nilson et al. who introduced superporous imprinted monolithic capillaries in 1997 [125-127]. Isooctane was used as a porogen in order to produce a macroporous structure with large pores without interfering with the imprinting process. These imprinted monoliths were... 

Scandium (Sc, [Ar]3[Pg.359]

Scandium - the atomic number is 21 and the chemical symbol is Sc. The name derives from the Latin scandia for Scandinavia , where the mineral were found. It was discovered by the Swedish chemist Lars-Fredrik Nilson in 1879 from an ytterbium sample. In the same year, the Swedish chemist Per Theodore Cleve proved that scandium was Mendeleev s hypothetical element eka-boron , whose properties and position in the Period Table Mendeleev had previously predicted. 

Titanium - the atomic number is 22 and the chemical symbol is Ti. The name derives from the Latin titans, who were the mythological first sons of the earth . It was originally discovered by the English clergyman William Gregor in the mineral ilmenite (FeTiOj) in 1791. He called this iron titanite menachanite for the Menachan parish where it was found and the element menachin. It was rediscovered in 1795 by the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth, who called it titanium because it had no characteristic properties to use as a name. Titanium metal was first isolated by the Swedish chemists Sven Otto Pettersson and Lars Fredrik Nilson. 

Scandium Sc 1879 (Uppsala, Sweden) Lars Nilson (Swedish) 87... 

The existence of scandium was predicted in 187 Iby Mendeleev, who placed it under boron in Group 111 of his Periodic Table. He called it ekaboron. Five years later Lars Nilson of Sweden discovered this new element while examining the ore euxenite. Nilson named this element scandium after his homeland Scandinavia. Metallic scadium was preparaed first by Fisher, Brunger, and Grieneisen in 1937 by an electrolytic process. 

Titanium was discovered in 1790 by Engfish chemist William Gregor. Five years later in 1795, Klaproth confirmed Gregor s findings from his independent investigation and named the element titanium after the Latin name Titans, the mythical first sons of the Earth. The metal was prepared in impure form first by Nilson and Pettersson in 1887. Hunter, in 1910, prepared the metal in pure form by reducing titanium tetrachloride with sodium. 

The discovery of Sc occurred separately from the above work. In 1840, C. J. A. Scheerer reported a new mineral euxenite which had been found near Jolster in Norway. An approximate analysis was made and many elements were detected including lanthanoids. Lars Fredrik Nilson in 1879 reported the isolation of2g of SC2O3 if om working up 10 kg of euxenite plus someresidues from several other minerals. 

Wetzel C, Volm D, Meyer BK, Pressel K, Nilson S (1994) Appl Phys Lett 65 1033... 

Sven Otto Pettersson, 1848-1941. Professor of chemistry at the University of Stockholm from 1881-1908. Hydrog-rapher and oceanographer. He collaborated with Lars Fredrik Nilson in researches on metallic titanium and the physical constants of titanium and germanium. He was one of the first chemists to support Svante Arrhenius in his views on electrolytic dissociation. For a discussion of his hydrographic work see ref. (69). 

In 1887 Lars Fredrik Nilson and Otto Pettersson finally prepared the metal 95 per cent pure by reducing the tetrachloride with sodium in an airtight steel cylinder (24, 48). The titanium that Henri Moissan obtained from his electric furnace was free from nitrogen and silicon and contained only 2 per cent of carbon (25). 

In 1910 M. A. Hunter (28) obtained the metal 99.9 per cent pure by a modification of Nilson and Pettersson s method in which pure titanic chloride and sodium were heated in a 1000-cc. machine steel bomb capable of bearing 40,000 kilograms of pressure. The lid, which rested on an... 

Nilson, L. F. and S. O. Pettersson, tlber emige physikahsche Konstanten... 

J. Heyrovsky, Collection Czcahodov. Chem. Communications Dmitri Mendeleev and Bohuslav Branner in Prague, 1900. The latter was a professor of chemistry at the Bohemian University of Prague. He wrote a charming biographical sketch of his friend, Mendeleev, who once had the portraits of Lecoq de Boisbaudran, Nilson, Winkler, and Brauner framed together because they had contributed most toward the development of his periodic system (40). 

Three of the undiscovered elements whose properties Mendeleev foretold in great detail, ekaaluminum, ekaboron, and ekasilicon, were discovered within fifteen years from the time of their prediction. The first was found by Lecoq de Boisbaudran m France, the second by Lars Frednk Nilson in Sweden, and the third by Clemens Winkler in Germany. These elements were named gallium, scandium, and germanium in honor of these countries. 

Mendeleev had predicted that another element, which he called ekaboron and which he said would have an atomic weight between 40 (calcium) and 48 (titanium), would some day be revealed (20). It was discovered in 1879 by Lars Fredrik Nilson. 

Lars Fredrik Nilson, 1840-1899. Professor of analytical chemistry at the University of Upsala and at the Agricultural Academy at Stockholm. Discoverer of scandium His researches on soils and fertilizers transformed the barren plains of his native island into an agricultural region With Otto Pettersson he investigated the rare earths and prepared metallic titanium. 

He returned to Upsala, passed his examinations successfully, and was placed m charge of the laboratory. Here, among Berzelius balances, blowpipes, and preparations, he became a true disciple of that great master. After completing some researches on the compounds of selenium, Nilson and Pettersson began to study the mineral euxenite, hoping to measure the chemical and physical constants of the rare earth elements... 

Inside the City Wall of Visby. Lars Fredrik Nilson, the discoverer of scandium, received his early education in tins beautiful old city on Gothland... 

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