New process plant

For a fundamentally new process, plant size is a variable requiring extensive study outside the scope of this handbook. Reference 4 addresses determination of such a project s core of viability. ... 

For a new process plant, calculations can be carried out using the heat release and plume flow rate equations outlined in Table 13.16 from a paper by Bender. For the theory to he valid, the hood must he more than two source diameters (or widths for line sources) above the source, and the temperature difference must be less than 110 °C. Experimental results have also been obtained for the case of hood plume eccentricity. These results account for cross drafts which occur within most industrial buildings. The physical and chemical characteristics of the fume and the fume loadings are obtained from published or available data of similar installations or established through laboratory or pilot-plant scale tests. - If exhaust volume requirements must he established accurately, small scale modeling can he used to augment and calibrate the analytical approach. 

Qualify all new process plant and equipment prior to use in production. 

During the design of a new process plant, in order to ensure that when the plant is operational its systems (hardware, procedures, training, etc.) will provide the maximum support for error-free operation... 

Boilers and certain new process plant may be subjected to a steam blow after chemically cleaning, but before commissioning. 

A new pipeline to transport separated natural gas from the Shah Deniz development to the new processing plant at Sangachal. 

There are various kinds of decision-making processes in the chemical industry field. An equipment/process/plant is improved or a new process/plant is built without definite knowledge of their consequences. When the definition of the degree of anxiety expressed in Eq. (6.7) is applied to decisionmaking, it sometimes becomes necessary to change the considerations regarding object and probability from anxiety to expectation and from the probability of occurrence of an undesirable event to the probability of success of desirable event. 

Set B seven new process plant cases were added between 1990 and 1992, usually as a result of reactions of the part of the process plants to presentations of the results of the CEC workshop. Almost all of these local sites carried a high general reputation in safety management. 

METHOD E POWER FACTOR APPLIED TO PLANT-CAPACITY RATIO. This method for study or order-of-magnitude estimates relates the fixed-capital investment of a new process plant to the fixed-capital investment of similar previously constructed plants by an exponential power ratio. That is, for certain similar process plant configurations, the fixed-capital investment of the new facility is equal to the fixed-capital investment of the constructed facility C multiplied by the ratio R, defined as the capacity of the new facility divided by the capacity of the old, raised to a power x. This power has been found to average between 0.6 and 0.7 for many process facilities. Table 19 gives the capacity power factor (x) for various kinds of processing plants. 

Several petrochemical companies have considered the possible feedstock recycling of plastic wastes in existing refinery facilities, which would avoid the need to invest and build new processing plants.19-21 This alternative is based on the similarity of elementary composition between plastics and petroleum fractions. Moreover, taking into account the differences in production between plastics and the total of petroleum-derived products, plastic wastes could be incorpo-... 

In planning a new process plant or an extension the project engineer should make a quick price estimate of the required boilers so that he can... 

An annual capital charge of 25% of capital cost was specified for any new process plant taken up in the calculation. All costs were calculated in terms of 1976 U.S. dollars. 

It is very important to take proper care during erection of process units, plant machinery, site fabrication of large-diameter storage tanks, absorption towers with internal acid-resistant linings and connections of pipelines installation and calibration of instrumentation (e.g. calibrations of level indicators, thermocouples, flowmeters, reaction vessels), curing of the internal lining (of bricks or other material) while setting up a new process plant. 

In the next Appendix (Appendix H), we present a systematic procedure that can guide the development of plantwide control system designs. The goal is to design a viable control system structure for a new processing plant that has a high probability of working satisfactorily when actually installed. 

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