New genotypes

Scott, J.C., Stefaniak, J., Pawlowski, Z.S. and McManus, D.P. (1997) Molecular genetic analysis of human cystic hydatid cases from Poland identification of a new genotypic group (G9) of Echinococcus granulosus. Parasitology 114, 37-43. 

On the other hand, more recent studies have been designed to evaluate these hypotheses as they relate to (1) natural communities as contrasted to pure cultures, (2) cell densities more characteristic of natural ecosystems than those bacterial densities commonly used in tests of pure cultures, (3) synthetic compounds acted on by only a few rather than a diversity of microbial genera or species, and (4) compound concentrations which are characteristic of environmental pollutants rather than organic nutrients included in culture media. In general, all these explanations are related mainly to (1) proliferation of small populations, (2) presence of toxins, (3) predation by protozoa, and (4) appearance of new genotypes [ 101,104,106 -108,110,111 ]. 

Lavikainen, A., Lehtinen, M.J., Meri, T., Hirvela-Koski, V. and Meri, S. (2003) Molecular genetic characterization of the Fennoscandian cervid strain, a new genotypic group (G1 0) of Echinococcus granulosus. Parasitology 127, 207-21 5. 

Gopalakrishnan et al. (1993) analysed four new genotypes of pepper (Panniyur-1, Panniyur-2, Panniyur-3 and Panniyur-4) by a combination of GC-MS and Kovats indices on a methyl silicone capillary column. The oils from the first three Panniyur genotypes contained a-pinene in the range of... 

Compare this craft-based" potato production with the inherent logic of scientific agriculture. The process begins with the definition of an ideal plant type. Ideal is defined mainly, but not only, in terms of yields. Professional plant breeders then begin synthesizing the strains that might combine to form a new genotype with the desired charac-... 

Recombination occurs primarily in germ cells of eukaryotes and during cell division in partially diploid prokaryotes. In general, recombination does not occur in mitosis of eukaryotic cells. However, recombination is an integral part of meiosis in which recombinant sperm and ova provide new genotypes and phenotypes in each generation which may be favored by natural selection. 

NEW GENOTYPES WITH UNIQUE PROPERTIES WHICH ENHANCE THE OOALITY OF FRESH PRODOCE... 

Leemhuis, H. et al (2005) New genotype—phenotype linkages for directed evolution of functional proteins. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol, 15 (4), 472 -478. 

The involvement of upstream players, that is farmers and their associations, is a very important prerequisite. In agriculture, new agronomical approaches and the development of new genotypes for nonfood applications should be taken into consideration. Agricultural crops and processes associated with lower environmental impact and lower costs are important factors in the development of new biobased products. 

The new trend in cereal breeding programs is to select genotypes with special uses and with better nutraceutical properties. These new genotypes are rich in carotenes (P-carotenes, lutein, zeaxanthin), phytosterols, phenolics, anthocyanins, tannins, and other antioxidants. These value-added grains will gradually gain market because of their proven health benefits. 

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