Nutraceutical properties

Nutraceutical compounds are classified according to their chemistry and biological activity (Table 17.18). Modem humans are more prone to oxidative stress because they are exposed to many oxidative agents such as air contamination, stress, cigarette 

Major Nutraceuticals Associated with Cereal Grains 

Mainly associated with pericarp present in all cereal grains 

Associated with outer layers of oats (pericarp, aleurone) 

Mainly associated with testa of high-tannin or brown sorghums. 

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Tong, . C. 1995. Nutraceutical properties of the mushroom ganoderma. Tunas Buletin Maklumat Pertanian Malaysis 15 1-6. 

Because it has a variety of biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and immune-stimulating effects, chitosan offers a number of uses in food, cosmetic, biomedical, and pharmaceutical industries. In this section, the nutraceutical properties of chitosan and its derivatives are discussed. 

Food materials, including fish, contain the precursors to these bioactive peptides, which can be formed in vitro or in vivo by enzymatic hydrolysis (Korhonen and Pihlanto 2003). During the past decade, a number of studies have reported on the many physiological properties of these bioactive peptides. The aim of this review is to describe the production of novel peptides derived from marine protein hydrolysates, elucidating the underlying mechanisms of physiological and biofunctional activity that are particular to individual bioactive peptides. The general sources and production of protein hydrolysates will be discussed, followed by a discussion of the nutraceutical properties of protein hydrolysates and their associated bioactive peptides. 

Class of flavonoid Example Food Sources Nutraceutical properties Concentration (mg/kg)... 

NUTRACEUTICAL PROPERTIES RELATED WITH ANTIOXIDANT ABILITIES. 

The new trend in cereal breeding programs is to select genotypes with special uses and with better nutraceutical properties. These new genotypes are rich in carotenes (P-carotenes, lutein, zeaxanthin), phytosterols, phenolics, anthocyanins, tannins, and other antioxidants. These value-added grains will gradually gain market because of their proven health benefits. 

Hexaploid hulled wheat (Triticum spelta) that results from the hybridization of ancient wheats Einkorn and Emmer. It is still planted in small areas of Turkey and is considered a wild species. The use of these wheats is resurfacing due to their potential nutraceutical properties, even though they are low yielding compared with the current commercial types. 

What is the major difference between carotenes and xanthophylls Investigate what kind of xanthophylls can be found in cereal grains and their nutraceutical properties. 

Investigate the nutritional and nutraceutical properties of blue maize and quality protein maize tortillas. 

Lutein A xanthophyll or hydroxylated Uposoluble carotenoid (C40H56O2) found in cereal grains with proven antioxidant and nutraceutical properties. Lutein is one of the two carotenoids contained within the retina of the eye, spedficaUy associated with the macula. Therefore, it is used with zeaxanthin to prevent age-related macular degeneration (AMD), especially in geriatric people. Lutein has... 

Whole wheat flour Fiber-rich flour produced by milling of whole wheat or by adding background bran to refined flour. These flours rich in dietary fiber are used to produce bakery products lower in calories and with enhanced nutraceutical properties. 

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