Coyote series

Goldwire, Jr., H. C., H. C. Rodean, R. T. Cederwall, E. J. Kansa, R. P. Koopman, J. W. McClure, T. G. McRae, L. K. Morris, L. Kamppiner, R. D. Kiefer, P. A. Urtiew and C. D. Lind. 1983. Coyote series data rejwrt LLNL/NWC 1981 LNG spill tests, dispersion, vapor bum, and rapid-phase-transition. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Report UCID-I9953. Vol. 2. 

The experimentation in the field of gas cloud fires appears to be limited. The unique set of large-scale experiments that involve the release, dispersion, ignition, and combustion of flammable natural gas clouds in the open air is that with the code name Coyote. Coyote series trials conducted by LLNL in 1983 at California s Nevada Test Site, Nevada provided an integrated dataset for use in validation studies [64,65]. The objective of the experiments was to determine the transport and dispersion of vapors from LNG spills, and in addition to investigate the damage potential of vapor cloud fires. Transient simulations... 

Rigas, F. and Sklavounos, S., Simulation of Coyote series trials—Part II a computational approach to ignition and combustion of flammable vapor clouds, Chem. Eng. Sci., 61, 1444, 2006. 

LLNL, Coyote Series Data Report, UCID 19953 Vol. 1,2. LLNL/NWC, Livermore, 1983. 

LLNL, Vapor Burn Analysis for the COYOTE Series LNG Spill Experiments, UCID 53530, LLNL/ NWC, Livermore, 1984. 

The test data for the 1982 test series (COYOTE) are shown in Table IX. As indicated, RPTs were noted in only a few spills. Test 9 in the COYOTE series was made with liquid nitrogen. No RPTs were reported. (In some of the preliminary tests carried out early in the program with this cryogen, incidents were seen that resembled an RPT.)... 

Koopman, R. R, Coyote Series for 40 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Dispersion, RPT, and Vapor Bum Tests, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA, UCID-19211-Rev. 1, 1982. 

Rodean, H. C., W. J. Hogan, P A. Urtiew, H. C. Goldwire, Jr., T. G. McRae, and D. L. Morgan, Jr., Vapor Bum Analysis for the Coyote Series LNG Spill Experiments, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA, DOE Report UCRL-53530, 1984. 

The chromatogram by gas-liquid chromatography. Figure 9, indicated over thirty major peaks or chemical compounds in the acids fraction of the estrus coyote urine. Mass spectral data permitted tentative identification of the methyl esters of a series of short chain fatty acids, C2-C- g, together with aromatic compounds as present. Table 1 lists 19 tentative identifications of compounds in the acids fraction. Because other investigators ) have reported that an artificial mixture of similar fatty acids demonstrated significant attraction of coyotes it will be interesting to prepare a mixture of the fatty acids identified in coyote urine in the exact ratio that they are in... 

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