Neuronal sensitivity

Substance P First order sensory neuron Sensitization Opioid receptor agonists (e.g., morphine)... 

What is the significance of the differential inter- (dorsalis versus pallidus) and intraraphe (within dorsalis) neuronal sensitivity to hallucinogenic drugs ... 

Takeuchi, H., et al., Elfects of alpha-kainic acid, domoic acid and their derivatives on a molluscan giant neuron sensitive to beta-hydroxy-L-glutamic acid, Eur. J. Pharmacol, 102, 2, 325, 1984. 

Agonists at group II and group III mGlu receptors may be useful in downregulating the enhanced responses of nociceptive neurons during neuronal sensitization which involves the cAMP - PKA pathway... 

Haggart DA, David EE (1981) Neurons Sensitive to 2,6-Dichlorophenol on the Tarsi of the Tick Amblyomma americanum (Acari Ixodidae). J Med Entomol 18 187... 

In species using sex-pheromone communication, a sexual dimorphism in glomerular structure has been observed, where a single or a complex of large glomeruli form the macroglomerular complex (MGC). The MGC receives input only from sex-pheromone-sensitive ORNs or neurons sensitive to compounds inhibiting sexual attraction. 

In mental disorders, in contrast to other neural diseases like epilepsy or Parkinson s disease, not much is known about the relevant alteration of neural dynamics. It can be just assumed from the pa lien I s inappropriate environmental responsiveness that neuronal adaptability and flexibility are disturbed, accompanied by a changed neuronal sensitivity on external stimuli. Fortunately, there is more information with regard to the neural control of sleep-wake cycles and cortisol release, which are very reliable biological markers of mental disorders and therefore may provide a link for a better understanding also of the neuronal dynamics which control mood. 

In the first, phenobarbital, by inhibiting aldehyde reductase, is thought to interfere with the metabolism of aldehyde generated by biogenic amines such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. The accumulation of these aldehydes in the CNS has depressing properties, and this reduces the neuronal sensitivity to excitation. 

Kraft AD, Lee JM, Johnson DA, Kan YW, Johnson JA (2006) Neuronal sensitivity to kainic acid is dependent on the Nrf2-mediated actions of the antioxidant response element. J Neurochem 98 1852-1865... 

Akhough they cannot fcmn an action potential, the dendrites can influence the cell potential at the axon hillock, and thus raise or lower the neuronal sensitivity to action potential formation. They do this by sununing other inputs from other neurons that, again, may be either excitatory inhitntory. 

The maturity of brain plays an important role in neuronal vulnerability to excitotoxins. The CVO regions and neural retina of immature rats and mice (less than 10 days of age) are much more sensitive to peripherally administered excitotoxins than the adult. In contrast, the striatum of the neonatal rat is remarkably resistant to doses of kainic acid that produce extensive lesions in the adult but full vulnerability is attained by three weeks after birth (Campochiaro and Coyle, 1978). Similarly, Honnegar and Richelson (1977) have found that reaggregating brain cultures exhibit increasing sensitivity to the neurotoxic effects of kainic acid with differentiation. At the other extreme, neuronal sensitivity of the striatum to directly injected kainate appears to increase with advancing age (Gaddy et aL, 1979). An age dependence for the neurotoxic action of ibotenic acid and other directly injected excitotoxins has not yet been described. 

Non dietary metabolites that can act as phagostimulants include glucosinolates, which have already described here as toxic to many insect species. However, these compoimds enable certain specialist feeders that possess gnsta-tory neurons sensitive to them to locate then host plants (Blight et al., 1989) and to feed without competition. However, the interactions between insect herbivores and glncosinolates can be complex (Li et al., 2000 Lambrix et al.,... 

The visual cortex receives the low-level pre-processed differential signals from the LGN and generates a mental representation of the currently viewed scene. The receptive fields of the visual cortex are much more complex and show neuronal sensitivities for depth and motion cues as well as for temporal progression. 

In conclusion, to specifically address the neural output induced by small and large scale gratings, the sensed input stimuli (e.g. an image) has to be decomposed into a similar representation of different spatial frequency scales first. Based on this decomposition, modulations of the stimuli frequency components can be utilized to affect the neural output for the neurons sensitive to specific spatial frequencies. 

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