Neurogenesis, hippocampal

Membrez M, Hummler E, Beermann F et al (2006) GLUT8 is dispensable for embryonic development but influences hippocampal neurogenesis and heart function. Mol Cell Biol 26 4268 876... 

Palmer TD, WiUhoite AR, Gage FH (2000) Vascular niche for adult hippocampal neurogenesis. J Comp Neurol 425 479-494... 

Jadad, A. R. (1998). Randomised Controlled Trials A User s Guide. London BMJ PublishingGroup. Kempermann, G. Kronenberg, G. (2003). Depressed new neurons Adult hippocampal neurogenesis and a cellular plasticity hypothesis of major depression. Biol. Psychiatry, 54(5), 499-503. 

Fig. 20.3 Chronic lithium increases hippocampal neurogenesis. C57BL/6 mice were treated with lithium for 14 days, and then received once daily BrdU injections for 12 consecutive days while lithium treatment continued. 24 hours after the last injection, the brains were processed for BrdU immunohistochemistry.

Chen G, Du F, Seraji-Bozorgzad N, Manji HK. Enhancement of Hippocampal Neurogenesis by Lithium. J Neurochem 2000 75 1729-1734. 

The proposed neurogenesis-memory clearance hypothesis is attractive because addition and removal of adult-born neurons in local network architecture could gradually destabilize the stored memory traces. Also, adult-generated neurons within the dentate gyrus, the upstream location in the hippocampus, potentially can amplify the destabilization effects. Coincidently, these newborn neurons are short-lived, typically with a life-span of three weeks in rodents [40], which seems to correlate well with the duration of hippocampal dependence of declarative memories. 

Feng, R. et al. Deficient neurogenesis in forebrain-specific presenilin-1 knockout mice is associated with reduced clearance of hippocampal memory traces. Neuron 32 911-926, 2001. 

Santarelli, Luca, Michael Saxe, Cornelius Gross, Alexandre Surget, Fortunate Battaglia, Stephanie Dulawa, et al. Requirement of Hippocampal Neurogenesis for the Behavioral Effects of Antidepressants. Science 301 (August 8, 2003) 805-809. The researchers found that neurogenesis is important in antidepressant activity in mice. 

Feng, R., Rampon, C., Tang, Y.P., Shrom, D., Jin, J., Kyin, M., Sopher, B., Miller, M.W., Ware, C.B., Martin, G.M., Kim, S.H., Langdon, R.B., Sisodia, S.S., Tsien, J.Z. (2001). Deficient neurogenesis in forebrain-specific presenilin-1 knockout mice is associated with reduced clearance of hippocampal memory traces. Neuron. 32, 911-26. Erratum in ... 

Mohapel, P., Leanza, G., Kokaia, M., Lindvall, 0. (2005). Forebrain acetylcholine regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis and learning. Neurobiol Aging, 26, 939-46. 

To study the functional implication of such observations, Santarelli et al. (2003) aimed at determining if an increase in neurogenesis is required for the effect of antidepressants. X-ray irradiation of the hippocampal area in adult rats causes long-term reduction in cell proliferation in the DG (Tada et al., 2000). Hippocampal x-ray irradiation, but not irradiation of other brain areas - like the SVZ or the cerebellar region - prevented the neurogenic effect... 

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