Neurodegenerative diseases microglia

Iron has been implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases, particularly microglia activation and mitochondrial dysfunction. 

Moreover,bioactive lipids maybe considered dual messengers they modulate cell functions as messengers and they become part of the response of the nervous tissue to injury, broadly referred to as the inflammatory response. This response occurs in ischemia-reperfusion damage associated with stroke, various forms of neurotrauma, infectious diseases and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer s disease. Inflammation in the nervous system differs from that in other tissues. If the blood-brain barrier is broken, blood-borne inflammatory cells (e.g. polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, macrophages) invade the intercellular space and glial cells are activated, particularly microglia, which play a prominent role in the inflammatory response. These responses may... 

Liu, B., Hong, J.S. (2003) Rome of microglia in inflammation-mediated neurodegenerative diseases mechanisms and strategies for therapeutic intervention. J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther., 304, 1-7. 

In summary, cytokines and growth factors discussed in this section are implicated in the pathophysiological processes of AD of which activated microglia and macrophage perpetuate the inflammatory response that ultimately causes neuronal injury. However, it should be noted that inflarrrmation orchestrated by cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors may only play minor roles, as some researchers regard AD as a neurodegenerative disease rather than neuroinflammatory disease. 

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