Neural-recording electrode

Maintenance of contact with neural cells is integral to the performance of the implant device and the use of biosynthetic CP coatings will potentially improve the long-term efficacy of such devices. Limited research is available on the long-term interactions of CPs with neural tissue. Two studies by the Martin research group at Michigan University have examined the chronic performance of nanostructured PEDOT on neural recording electrodes [52,144]. The microelectrode arrays coated with surfactant-templated PEDOT and... 

Cui, X., V.A. Lee, Y. Raphael, JjV. Wiler, J.F. Hetke, D.J. Anderson, and D.C. Martin. 2001. Surface modification of neural recording electrodes with conducting polymer/biomolecule blends. 7 Biomed Mater Res 56 261. 

A. Snellings, D.J. Anderson, and J.W. Aldridge, Use of multichannel recording electrodes and independent component analysis for target localization in deep brain structures. Proceedings of the 1st International IEEE EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering, Capri Island, Italy, 305-308 (2003). 

R.R. Harrison et al., "A low-power integrated circuit for a wireless 100-electrode neural recording system," IEEE. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 123-133, Jan. 2007. 

Bioelectrodes for neural recording and neurostimulation are an essential part of neuroprosthetic devices. Designing an optimal, stable electrode that records long-term and interacts adequately with neural tissue remains a priority for neural engineers. The implementation of microsystem technology opens new perspectives in the field. 

Neural Stimulation Electrodes and Sensors, Fig. 3 Evoked muscle force as a function of the delay between the primary, cathodic, and secondary, anodic, pulses of a biphasic stimulus. The dashed line represents the force recorded for a single cathodic stimulus pulse. The anodic phase is added to terminate the electrochemistry driven by charge accumulated on the double layer during the cathodic phase. If the anodic phase is applied... 

Meyer RD, Cogan SF (2001) Electrodeposited iridium oxide for neural stimulation and recording electrodes. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 9(1) 2-10 Anderson DJ, Najafi K, Tanghe SJ, Evans DA, Levy KL, Hetke JF, Xue X, Zappia JJ, Wise KD (1989) Batch-fabricated thin-fllm electrodes for stimulation of the central auditory system. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 36 693-704... 

Bai Q, Wise KD (2001) Single-unit neural recording with active micro-electrode arrays. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 48 911-920. 

Cogan SF (2008) Neural stimulation and recording electrodes. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 10 14.1-14.35... 

Cogan SF, Peramunage D, Smirnov A et al (2(X)7) Polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) coatings for neural stimulation and recording electrodes. Mater Res Soc Meet, (Abstr. QQ2.7), Nov. 26-30, 2007, Boston... 

Figure 13 shows the schematic of the preamplifier, which is composed of an operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) and a feedback network. A capacitive negative-feedback amplifier is widely used in neural-recording systems [28] because there is usually a DC offset of 1—2 V across the electrode-tissue interface [29]. The gain of the amplifier is determined by the ratio of the two capacitances in the feedback network. 

SneUings A, Anderson D, Aldridge J (2006) Improved signal and reduced noise in neural recordings from closespaced electrode arrays using independent component analysis as a preprocessor. J Neurosci Methods 150(2) 254-264, Jan. 2006. 

Linderman MD, GUja V, Santhanam G, Afshar A, Ryu SI, Meng TH, Shenoy KV (2006) Neural recording stability of chronic electrode. Proc. 28th Ann. Int. Conf. IEEE EMBS, pp. 4387 391, 2006. 

N. Pour Aryan et at., Stimulation and Recording Electrodes for Neural Prostheses, SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering 78,... 

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