Neural stimulation electrodes

Neural Stimulation Electrodes and Sensors, Fig. 3 Evoked muscle force as a function of the delay between the primary, cathodic, and secondary, anodic, pulses of a biphasic stimulus. The dashed line represents the force recorded for a single cathodic stimulus pulse. The anodic phase is added to terminate the electrochemistry driven by charge accumulated on the double layer during the cathodic phase. If the anodic phase is applied... 

Bonner M, Daroux M, Ciish T et al. (1993) The pulse-clamp method for analyzing the electrochemistry on neural stimulating electrodes. J Electrochem Soc 140 2740 Hung A, Zhou D, Greenberg R et al. (2007) Pulse-clamp technique for characterizing neural-stimulating electrodes. J Electrochem Soc 154(9) 479-486... 

This chapter looks into the current research and challenges for conducting polymers and their applications in neural stimulation electrodes. 

Structure can be readily modified to improve charge injection capability and promote biocompatibility. Such advantages make it an attractive candidate for further research as coatings for neural stimulation electrodes. 

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