Neuroprosthetic devices

Philip Troyk from the Illinois Institute of Technology spoke about the issues of implantable hardware. One issue raised was that the next-generation neuroprostheses would be five to ten times denser, electrically and physically than current neuroprosthetic devices. Dr. Troyk discussed the need for heat dissipation by... 

The fundamental technology in systems for neuroprosthetic devices includes stimulators, electrodes, sensors, and the lead wires or communication channels that connect them. The form of the technology depends on the application. In the examples given above, which must be used for a substantial portion of a person s life, the most effective devices would be implanted. The specificity and reliability afforded by implantation results in vastly improved function and convenience for the user. Therefore, the device must be thoroughly reUable, designed to accommodate enhancements, and be repairable without compromising the remaining components. 

In developing a neuroprosthetic device, it is particularly important to understand the function that is to be restored and how this aspect of the disability is treated medically. The technology must be not only functional, but must also be deployable by clinical practitioners (physicians, therapists, and nurses) whose appreciation of the complexity of the technology may be limited. The design must also meet the requirements of the user, such as an acceptable level of risk, time commitment, and the effort required for implementation and training. The neuroprosthesis must not only function acceptably, but it must also be easy and natural to use and easy to put on. Acceptable function may be less than full, normal function. 

Bioelectrodes for neural recording and neurostimulation are an essential part of neuroprosthetic devices. Designing an optimal, stable electrode that records long-term and interacts adequately with neural tissue remains a priority for neural engineers. The implementation of microsystem technology opens new perspectives in the field. 

Spataro, L., Dilgen, J., Retterer, S., et al. (2005) Dexamethasone treatment reduces astroglia responses to inserted neuroprosthetic devices in rat neocortex. Exp. Neurology 194, 289-300. 

SMPs have also been proposed for neuroprosthetic devices aimed at stimulating and recording nervous system function. Although this has proved to be useful using conventional materials for the alleviation of symptoms such... 

Taylor DM, Tillery SIH, Schwartz AB (2002) Direct cortical control of 3D neuroprosthetic devices. Science 296 1829-1832. 

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