Networks Dispersion width

Charlaix et al. (1988) also conducted a study of NaCl and dye transport in etched transparent lattices. A fully connected square lattice with a lognormal distribution of channel widths and a partially connected hexagonal lattice (a percolation network) were considered. They concluded that the disorder and heterogeneity of the medium determined the characteristic dispersion length. From experimental data on the percolation network, they showed that this dispersion length was close to the percolation correlation length, p. 

The CAEM technique was also used to characterize the carbonaceous deposits produced in the macroscale studies. In this case fragments of the various deposits were dispersed onto transmission specimens of graphite and subsequently heated in 5 Torr 02 During this reaction the various carbonaceous components of the deposit oxidized at different rates and numerous details became evident. At 600°C the amorphous carbon was removed leaving behind a predominantly filamentous carbon residue. These structures, which formed an interconnected network, varied in width from 5 to 35 nm, and were up to lxlO nm in length. Upon further oxidation up to 750°C, virtually all the carbonaceous material had disappeared leaving a residue of metal or metal oxide particles. 

The foam walls of the honeycomb-like electrodes of Pd which show a high activity toward the oxidation of C2 alcohols were composed of a tiny, highly dispersed, relatively uniform network of Pd dendrites [46]. The width of the dendrite branches was on the 10 nm scale. The increase of concentration of Pd ions shows the useful effect on formation of the honeycomb-like electrodes [46]. 

Before heat treatment, the IR spectra show absorption bands due to Zr-O-C bonds, near 1450 and 1560 cm, an absorption peak near 2900 cm assigned to C-H bonds and weak bands due to Zr-O-Zr species, located near 750 and 500 cm C The evolution of the spectra with the thermal treatment of the samples shows that the absorption due to Zr-O-C and C-H disappears, while that of Zr-O-Zr increases and becomes sharp, with the time and temperature ofheat treatment (Izumi et al., 1989). Neumayer and Cartier (2001), on the other hand, reported that, after a heat treatment at 400°C for 1 h, the IR spectra showed a broad absorption band from 6(X) to 200 cm peaking at 378 cm , which was assigned to Zr-0 vibrations. The width of this band suggested a significant dispersion of vibrational states, characteristic of an amorphous network. 

Nand et al. (2012) observed an increase in spin concentrations in polyaniline/ PE blends as the polyaniline composition of the blends increased [23]. However, there was a slight discrepancy between the observed and theoretical spin concentrations of the blends, and this was attributed to redox transitions of polyaniline during the melt processing. Moreover, the peak to peak resonance line width (AH p) decreased as the fraction of polyaniline increased, indicating good dispersion and formation of a partially conducting network of polyaniline in the PE matrix [23]. 

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