Neodymium applications

Neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminum garnet is among the most commonly applied laser material and has broad application (neodymium-YAG). 

We found that completely soluble compounds can be obtained in two ways. The first method, which is widely applicable, is to react a rare earth carboxylate with a small amount of an aluminum alkyl (11). Neodymium octoate can be converted into a product which is completely soluble in cyclohexane by reacting one mole of it with 1 to 5 moles of triethylaluminum. We also found that the rare earth salts of certain tertiary carboxylic acids are very readily soluble in non-polar solvents (12). In conjunction with a Lewis acid and aluminum alkyls, these compounds form highly active catalysts for the polymerization of butadiene. The neodymium Lewis acid aluminum alkyl molar ratio is within the range 1 (0.4-2.0) (10-40). 

De Laeter JR (2001) Applications of Inorganic Mass Spectrometry. Wiley, New York 496 p DePaolo DJ (1988) Neodymium isotope geochemistry an introduction. Spinger Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Germany... 

A comparison between the efficiency of excitation with lasers and mercury lamps has been undertaken by Evans etal. and Brandmuller etal. Since that time, lasers have improved considerably and a later comparison would be even more in favor of laser applications. Since several commercial laser Raman spectrometers are now available 190 ), with He-Ne lasers, Ar" or Kr -ion lasers and neodymium lasers, most current investigations employ lasers as light sources, j)... 

Catalytic Applications of SOLnC and SOAnC 491 Table 12.8 1,3-Diene polymerization by silica-supported neodymium complexes. 

Praesodymium may be recovered from its minerals monazite and bastana-site. The didymia extract of rare earth minerals is a mixture of praesodymia and neodymia, primarily oxides of praesodymium and neodymium. Several methods are known for isolation of rare earths. These are applicable to all rare earths including praesodymium. They include solvent extractions, ion-exchange, and fractional crystallization. While the first two methods form easy and rapid separation of rare earth metals, fractional crystaUization is more tedious. Extractions and separations of rare earths have been discussed in detail earlier (see Neodymium and Cerium). 

Time-Correlated Single-Photon Counting. For the application of TCSPC in the picosecond time domain, lasers with pulses whose half-widths are 20 ps or less are used. For better time resolution, the combination of a microchan-nel plate photomultiplier tube (MCP-PMT) and a fast constant fraction discriminator (CFD) are used instead of a conventional photomultiplier tube (PMT). A TCSPC system with a time response as short as 40 ps has at its core a Nd YLF (neodymium yttrium lithium fluoride) laser generating 70-ps, 1053-nm pulses at... 

The most important application of the nonlinear absorption characteristics of dye solutions is the so-called passive Q-switching of solid-state lasers, in particular ruby lasers emitting at 694.3 nm and neodymium lasers emitting at 1.064 /tm. 

To explain this application, we consider the schematic drawing of a giant pulse laser, shown in Fig. 7. Such a laser consists essentially of (1) a rod of active material AM (for example a ruby or neodymium glass or neodymium-doped rod of yttrium-aluminum garnet) excited by the light pulse from a flashlamp F,... 

Note that (Os) is expressed in percent, not parts in 104, as in the case of epsilon neodymium, primarily because the variations can be large and the measurement precision is typically somewhat lower than for the 147Sm/143Nd system. Occasionally you will see osmium data presented as s(Os) in units of parts in 104. Although most work has been done on terrestrial systems, there is potential for applications to the Moon and Mars. 

It is convenient to divide the ions studied into four groupings, namely, terbium, europium, neodymium, and other trivalent ions. The reason for this grouping is that terbium, europium, and neodymium have been studied more extensively than the rest, and therefore the number of papers is larger. The greater attention paid to these trivalent ions is probably one of practical or potential practical applications to lasers. 

Even more powerful are the neodymium—iron—boron magnets that appeared in the mid-1980s (35,36). Magnets derived from the Nd Fe B structure exhibit the highest performances obtained industrially eneigy products are >320 kJ/m3 (>40 x 106 GOe) and coercive fields around 950 kA/m3 (12 kOe). These magnets are in the course of a rapid development, eg, in voice coil motors and the automotive industry. There is a promising forecast for several industrial applications. 

Friebe, L., Nuyken, O. and Obrecht, W. Neodymium Based Ziegler/Natta Catalysts and their Application in Diene Polymerization. Vol. 204, pp. 1-154. 

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