Needled polyester

Solid PVC, on knitted or woven fabric, or on needled polyester non-woven staple. 

Crystallizes in colourless needles m.p. 300° (sublimes). Manufactured by the oxidation of p-xylene and used in the production of Terylene (see also polyesters). U.S. production 1980 2-05 megatonnes. 

Typical textile fibers used, for example, in a needle-punched filter fabric, are a blend of 3.3- and 6.6-dtex (3- and 6-denier) polyester staple. These fibers are - 5 cm long, have diameters ranging from 18 to 25 pm, mass-per-unit-length or linear density values ranging from - 350 to 650 mg per 1000 m, and length-to-width ratios in the order of 1000 to 1. 

Figure 25.9. Typical exotherm curves for polyester resin cured with 1% benzoyl peroxide over a range of bath temperatures. (Test tubes of 19 mm dia are filled to height of 8 cm with a mixture of resin plus peroxide. The tubes are immersed in a glycerin bath to the level of the resin surface. Temperature is measured with a thermocouple needle whose point is half-way down the resin...

Pollutant Loading Typical inlet concentrations to cartridge collectors are 1 to 23 grams per cubic meter (g/m ) (0.5 to 10 grains per cubic foot (gr/ft )). Cartridge filters, which utilize synthetic, nonwoven media such as needle punched felts fabricated of polyester or Nomex, are able to handle inlet concentrations up to 57 g/m (25 gr/ft ). 

Many industrial semi-crystalline polymer materials like polypropylene, polyamides, or polyesters contain nucleating agents or clarifiers which form needle-shaped aggregates already in the polymer melt. "For this purpose the pattern is desmeared using the measured primary beam. For a less involved treatment it may be sufficient to know the integral width of the primary beam profile in fiber direction. 

Cationic needle-cutting lubricant for cotton and polyester/ cotton fabrics. 

Volume 8 Needle Punching Textile Technology by V. Mrstina anc/F. Fejgl Volume 9 Industrial Textiles edited by J. Svedova Volume 10 Modified Polyester Fibres byJ. Militky etal. 

When polyester fibres (polyethylene terephthalate, PET) are heated in 15% alcoholic potassium hydroxide (KOH) on a microscope slide with a cover slip, typical needles are formed from the potassium salt of terephthalic acid. This characteristic reaction for polyester is simpler and less problematical than the staining of fibre ends with Oil Red in m-crcsol as described by Stratmann. ... 

Beilstein Handbook Reference) AI3-02247 BRN 1912251 Dimethyl 1,3-benzenedi-carboxylate Dimethyl isophthalate Dimethyl m-phthalate Dimethylester kyseliny isoftalove EINECS 215-951-9 HSDB 6138 Isophthalic acid dimethyl ester Methyl 3-(carbomethoxy)benzoate Methyl isophthalate Morflex 1129 NSC 15313 Uniplex 270. Chemical intermediate in the synthesis of polyesters. Used as a plasticizer, modifies clarity and melting point of PET resins used in films, blow-molded bottles, and similar products. Needles mp = 67.5° bp = 282° d = 1.194 Xm = 280, 288 nm (MeOH) slightly soluble in H2O, Morfiex Unitex. 

Unsaturated resins are usually mixtures of vinyl monomers and prepolymers, such as unsaturated polyesters, polyurethane acrylates, and ac-rylated epoxides of the bisphenol A type. Polymerization of styrene-based resins involves the formation of a three-dimensional network via the cross-linking of prepolymer chains by styrene radicals. These standard thermoset resins are therefore characterized by great hardness (Shore D over 80, DIN 53505, arbitrary scale 0-100 based on the penetration of a needle point in the tested material), do not melt, and are not soluble in organic solvents. 

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