Needle Shell

Arrow Projectile (Pfeilstabiles Geschoss, in Ger), also called Needle Shell (Ref 5), is a slender, very long, fin-stabilized, projectile, fired from a smooth-bore gun at supersonic velocity. Its development, described in Refs 1 4, may be considered as one of the outstanding Ger achievements of WWII. Some info on these projectiles is given in Ref 3, pp 9 10... 

Needle Shell. See Arrow Projectile A488-R NENA. See 1-Nitramino-2-ethanol Nitrate under Aminoethanol A201-L Nickel Acetylide and Nickel Carbide A78-R Nickel Diazide A592-R Nickel Nitroaminoguanidine A213-R Nitramide or Nitroxylamide A170-L... 

Material Shell carbon steel with 4-5 in. (10-12 cm) thick heavy weight, single-layer, cast-vibrated refractory with needles. Internals 304H stainless steel for temperature >1.200°F (650°C) and Grade H, % chrome for < ,200°F. Internal components exposed to catalyst should be refractory-lined for erosion resistance. Sliding surfaces should be hard-faced, minimum thickness in. (3 mm). 

MMMF are synthetics that have crystalline rather than amorphous structures. Not surprizingly, early examples are reminiscent of the naturally occurring fibers synthetic chrysotile (lander and Wuhrer, 1938) and needles of amphibolelike composition and crystal structure (Shell et al., 1958). However, the bulk of the crystalline synthetic fibers, both in use and under investigation, do not have mineral equivalents therefore, we chose to use the term whiskers to distinguish crystalline man-made inorganic fibers from their natural relatives. 

Crossed lamellar structure aragonite needle crystals align in the c-axis direction forming rectangular blocks. The c-axes are inclined at 45 — 55° to the inner surface of the shell, and the neighboring blocks are oppositely inclined. 

Complex crossed lamellar structure a layer consisting of aragonite needle crystals with orientations inclined at 45° to the inner portion of the cell. These needle crystals aggregate in a radial manner, forming a conical body, which is arranged nearly perpendicularly to the inner surface of the shell. 

Composite prismatic structure the c-axis of rhombic prisms align parallel to the shell. The rhombic prism is an aggregation of aragonite needle crystals aligned in conical form in its elongation direction. 

This explosive is prepared from m-cresol by a process entirely similar to that by which picric acid is prepared from phenol. The pure material is readily soluble in alcohol, ether, and acetone, soluble in 449 parts of water at 20° and in 123 parts at 100°, yellow needles from water, m.p 107°. The ammonium sa t, which is sparingly soluble in water, has been used in the composition of certain ammonium nitrate explosives, and it was adopted by the Austrian monarchy under the name of ecrasite as an explosive for shells of large caliber. 

Similar to zero-dimensional metal nanoparticles, most of the work on one-dimensional metal nanostructures focuses almost exclusively on gold nanorods. The high interest in anisometric gold nanoclusters arises from their unique optical and electronic properties that can be easily tuned through small changes in size, structure (e.g., the position, width, and intensity of the absorption band due to the longitudinal surface plasmon resonance is strongly influenced by the shell as well as the aspect ratio of the nanorods), shape (e.g., needle, round capped cylinder, or dog bone), and the inter-particle distance [157]. 

Nanospheres wires needles, tubes, shells, rings, platelets... 

Using either a dentist s drill or a small craft drill with a burred bit, the outer layer of shell is gently removed until either the inner white membrane is apparent or the shell is thin enough to penetrate with a needle. This operation requires a degree of finesse and it would be well to practice on a spare egg. 

Hexaditon (also called hexaditan) forms fine, pale yellow, to almost colorless needles with a melting point of 230 Celsius. It is soluble in acetone, acetonitrile, dimethylsulfoxide, and tetrahydrofuran. It is insoluble in alcohol, chloroform, and ether. Hexaditon can be used as a substitute for HNS, or in combination with HNS for use in thermally stable charges, warheads, shells, and many types of munitions. Hexaditon can also be alloyed with many other secondary explosives forming thermally, heat, shock, percussion, and friction resistant charges. ... 

In(OH)3 nanopowder was prepared via the sonication of an aqueous solution of InCl3 at room temperature and at 0 °C. At these temperatures, nonsonicated hydrolysis does not occur. The role of the ultrasound radiation and the mechanism of the reaction are discussed. The proposed mechanism is based on the sonohydrolysis of In (III) ions in the outer ring, and the liquid shell, of the collapsing bubble. The product, In(OH)3, was obtained as needle-shaped particles. 

Wu YL, Yoshida M, Emoto H. Tanaka M. Psychological stress selectively increases extracellular dopamine in the shell , but not in the "core" of the rat nucleus accumbens anovel dual-needle probe simultaneous microdialysis study. Neurosci Lett 1999 275 69-72. 

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