Natural product-derived

Fig. 2. Natural product derivative plant growth regulators. See Table 1.

Very few natural product derivatives (Eig. 2) have been marketed successfliUy. Of those that have, the profits relative to expenditure have been large. 

Natural product-derived dispersants, such as tannins, lignins, and alginates, are still widely used as drilling mud thinners or in specialty applications where their low toxicity is a cmcial property, eg, in boilers producing steam for food applications. 

Streith J., Defoin A. Hetero Diels-Alder Reactions With Nitroso Dienophiles Application to the Synthesis of Natural Product Derivatives Synthesis 1994 1107-1117 Keywords chiral dienes, chiral nitroso dienophiles... 

Natural product derivatives, as plant growth regulators, 13 37-39 Natural products... 

Plant growth regulators, 13 21-60, 284 carvone, 13 28 cytokinins, 13 28-30 ft-decanol, 13 30 dikegulac, 13 30 ethylene, 13 30-32 gamma aminobutyric acid, 13 32 gibberehins, 13 32-35 indole 3-butyric acid, 13 35-36 lactic acid, 13 36 natural product derivatives,... 

Another use, now almost abandoned except for in natural product-derived chugs, is in quality control testing or batch release testing. The latter was once a mandated part of the standardization process for antibiotics, digoxin and insulin in the U.S. 

Natural products derived from amino acids form a broad and divergent group, including simple amino acid derivatives, alkaloids, and small, often cyclic, polypeptides. Simple amino acid derivatives, which are not uncommon in algae, are often oxidation or rearrangement products of one of the 20 common amino acids. Alkaloids and polypeptides are more complex in their structural modifications. 

In recent years, interest in radical-based transformations of allenes has been renewed for two major reasons. First, a number of useful intramolecular additions of carbon-centered radicals to 1,2-dienes have been reported, which allowed syntheses of complex natural product-derived target molecules to be accomplished in instances where other methods have failed to provide similar selectivities. Further, a large body of kinetic and thermochemical data has become accessible from results of experimental and theoretical investigations in order to predict selectivities in addition reactions to allenes more precisely. Such contributions originated predominantly from (i) studies directed towards an understanding of the incineration process,... 

Taxol (Paclitaxel) 137, a natural product derived from the bark of the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia [213-215], and the hemisynthetic analogue Docetaxel (Taxotere) 138, two recent and promising antitumour agents, have been the matter of extensive in vivo and in vitro animal metabolic studies. The major metabolites of taxol excreted in rat bile [216] were identified as a C-4 hydroxylated derivative on the phenyl group of the acyl side chain at C-13 (139), another aromatic hydroxylation product at the mefa-position on the benzoate group at C-2 (140) and a C-13 deacylated metabolite (baccatin III, 142) the structure of six minor metabolites could not be determined. The major human liver microsomal metabolite, apparently different from those formed in rat [217], has been identified as the 6a-hydroxytaxol (141) [218, 219]. A very similar metabolic pattern was... 

Butler MS. (2005) Natural products to drug Natural product-derived compounds in clinical trials. Nat Prod Rep 22 162-195. 

Lee K-H. (2010) Discovery and development of natural product-derived chemotherapeutic agents based on a medicinal chemistry approach. J Nat Prod 73 500-516. 

The peer-reviewed literature is full of reports on natural products possessing insecticidal activity and references therein] therefore, the focus of this section will be on both recent and well investigated natural products. Of those well investigated natural products, at least three natural product derived products (neem, spinosyn, and pyrethrum) seem to be used more than all the others. 

As illustrated in the other sections of this chapter, nature has been a valuable source of compounds and chemistries with advantageous properties for disease and insect pest management. This section illustrates that natural products have also been useful for the development of new weed management either in their original forms or as templates for natural products derived compounds. 

Pharmaceuticals are only a part of natural products derived from filamentous organisms. Filamentous fungi are also grown industrially for the production of natural products other than pharmaceuticals. Organic acids such as citric, itaconic and gluconic acids, carotenoids, taste and aroma compounds, and a variety of industrial enzymes such as amylases, lipases, dextranases and proteases are also extracted from these fungi. 

We recommend readers to an informative book on antibiotics. In this chapter, we focus on natural product or natural product derived antibiotics and the discussion of opportunities of antibiotic discovery. 

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