Natural halite

Alberger chlorure de sodium common salt hopper salt natural halite rock salt saline salt sea salt table salt. 

Naturally occurring salt is known as halite. Halite is what s left when seas evaporate. Michigan, for instance, was underwater several times hundreds of miiiions of years ago. When the seas disappeared, huge deposits of halite were ieft. At one time or another, seas covered aii of the pianet, so halite deposits can be found aimost anywhere. 

As a test of our ability to calculate activity coefficients in natural brines, we consider groundwater from the Sebkhat El Melah brine deposit near Zarzis, Tunisia (Perthuisot, 1980). The deposit occurs in a buried evaporite basin composed of halite (NaCl), anhydrite (CaSC>4), and dolomite [CaMg(CC>3)2]. The Tunisian government would like to exploit the brines for their chemical content, especially for the potassium, which is needed to make fertilizer. 

Several ores containing potassium chloride are found commonly in nature. The principle ores are sylvite, KCl carnalhte, KCl MgCl2 6H20 kainite, KCl MgS04"3H20 and sylvinite, a naturally occuring mixture of sylvite and halite (common salt). Potassium chloride also is found in sea water at an average concentration of 0.076% (w/v). 

In the latter half of the nineteenth centuiy the United States was dependent on the vast Stassfurt deposits of Germany for the potassium compounds needed as fertilizers. In 1911 Congress appropriated funds for a search for domestic minerals, salts, brines, and seaweeds suitable for potash production (67). The complex brines of Searles Lake, California, a rich source of potassium chloride, have been worked up scientifically on the basis of phase-rule studies with outstanding success. Oil drillers exploring the Permian Basin for oil became aware of the possibility of discovering potash deposits through chemical analysis of the cores of saline strata. A rich bed of sylvinite, a natural mixture of sylvite (potassium chloride) and halite (sodium chloride), was found at Carlsbad, New Mexico. At the potash plane near Wendover, Utah, the raw material, a brine, is worked up by solar evaporation (67). 

F and Cl are moderately abundant elements, principal sources being fluorite CaF2 and halite NaCl, from which the very electronegative elements are obtained by electrolysis. Bromine is mainly obtained by oxidation of Br- found in salt water iodine occurs as iodates such as Ca(I03)2. Astatine is radioactive and only minute amounts are found in nature. Chlorine is used... 

The chemical category of inorganic salts encompasses many substances that dissociate completely in water, but only one salt, sodium chloride, is referred to by the common name, salt. Sodium chloride is ubiquitous in both its occurrence and its many uses. To date, there are over 14,000 uses for salt.1 Salt is used as a feedstock for many chemicals including chlorine, caustic soda (sodium hydroxide), synthetic soda ash (sodium carbonate), sodium chlorate, sodium sulfate, and metallic sodium. By indirect methods, sodium chloride is also used to produce hydrochloric acid and many other sodium salts. In its natural mineral form, salt may take on some color from some of the trace elements and other salts present, however, pure sodium chloride is a white to colorless crystalline substance, fairly soluble in water.2 Also known as halite, the substance... 

The misfit layer compounds are typified by materials with a formula MS +fiTS2)m, in which T is a transition metal atom, Ti, V, Cr, Nb, or Ta, and M is a large atom such as Sn, Pb, Bi, with stereochemically active electron lone pairs, or a lanthanide. The structures are built from S-T-S layers, in which the metal T takes trigonal-prismatic coordination. These layers are interleaved with layers of the halite structure, usually two or three atom layers in thickness, with composition MSx. This leads to a chemical formula of [MSx]n(71S 2)m, where n varies from approximately 1.08-1.24, and m takes values of 1-3, depending upon the nature of T and M. A typical example is the compound [(Lni/3Sr2/3S)i.5]i.i5 NbS2. In all of the misfit layer compounds, the lattice parameter of the interpolated halite layers fit one lattice parameter of the rS2 layer but not the other, so that in this direction, the... 

Natural sources Atmosphere Silicate weathering Pyrite Carbonate Gypsum Halite... 

Sodium never occurs as a free element in nature. It is much too active. It always occurs as part of a compound. The most common source of sodium in Earth is halite. Halite is nearly pure sodium chloride (NaCl). It is also called rock salt. 

Sodium chloride occurs naturally as the mineral halite. Commercially, it is obtained by the solar evaporation of sea water, by mining, or by the evaporation of brine from underground salt deposits. 

Occurrence Not free in nature component of minerals halite (rock salt), sylvite, and camallite chloride ion in seawater. 

One source of sodium chloride is rock salt, which is found in subterranean deposits often hundreds of meters thick. It is also obtained from seawater or brine (a concentrated NaCI solution) by solar evaporation. Sodium chloride also occurs in nature as the mineral halite. 

Sodium chloride occurs naturally as the mineral halite, commonly called rock salt, in large underground deposits on every continent. Seawater contains about 3.5 percent dissolved minerals, of which 2.8 percent is sodium chloride and the other 0.7 percent is primarily calcium, magnesium, and sulfate ions. Natural brines, or salty waters other than seawater, are foxmd in wells and lakes, such as the Great Salt Lake of Utah and the Dead Sea. Salt is also found in surface deposits in regions subject to arid climates. 

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