Natural gas storage

All commercial carbons have been made for uses other than natural gas storage. They are for the most part granular materials and pack into vessels with a substantial inter-particle void volume which results in low bulk densities. Some... 

Komodromos, C., Frickcr, N. Slater, G., "Development of Novel Tanks for Low-Pressure Adsorbed Natural Gas Storage in Vehicles", International Association for Natural Gas Vehicles, Toronto, 1994... 

Recent uses for natural gas storage include utilizing storage to provide transportation balancing seiw-ices, to take advantage of variations in prices, to maintain wellhead production and to meet new sales commitments by marketers. 

Self-Test 4.6B A large natural gas storage tank contains 200. mol CH4(g) at 1.20 atm. An additional 100. mol CH4(g) is pumped into the tank at constant temperature. What is the final pressure in the tank ... 

Two natural gas storage tanks, with volumes of 1.5 X 10 and 2.2 X 10 L, are at the same temperature. The tanks are connected by pipes that equalize their pressures. What fraction of the stored natural gas Is In the larger tank ... 

C05-0009. Natural gas storage tanks have movable roofs that rise and fall as the volume of gas... 

R. Derr, E. A. Morris, HI, and D. H. Pope. Fate and persistence of glutaraldehyde in a natural gas storage facility. In Proceedings Volume. 7th Inst Gas Technol Gas, Oil, Environ Biotechnol Int Symp (Colorado Springs, CO, 12/12-12/14), 1994. 

E. A. Morris, III, D. M. Dziewulski, D. H. Pope, and S. T. Paakko-nen. Field and laboratory studies into the detection and treatment of inicrobiologically influenced souring (MIS) in natural gas storage facilities. In Proceedings Volume. 49th Annu NACE Int Corrosion Conf (Corrosion 94) (Baltimore, MD, 2/27-3/4), 1994. 

Applications of activated carbons are discussed in Chapters 8-10, including their use in the automotive arena as evaporative loss emission traps (Chapter 8), and in vehicle natural gas storage tanks (Chapter 9). The use of evaporative loss emission traps has been federally mandated in the U.S. and Europe. Consequently, a significant effort has been expended to develop a carbon adsorbent properly optimized for evaporative loss control, and to design the on board vapor collection and disposal system. The manufacture of activated carbons, and their preferred characteristics for fuel emissions control are discussed in Chapter 8, along with the essential features of a vehicle evaporative loss emission control system. 

The use of activated carbons as a natural gas storage medium for vehicles is attractive because the gas may be stored at significantly lower pressures in the adsorbed state (3.5 - 4.0 MPa) compared to pressurized natural gas (20 MPa), but with comparable storage densities. The development of an adsorbed natural gas storage system, and suitable adsorbent carbons, including novel adsorbent carbon... 

Oldenburg, C.M. 2003. Carbon dioxide as a cushion gas for natural gas storage. Energy and Fuels, 17, 240-246. 

From an engineering standpoint the challenges are in some regards similar to those faced in the natural gas storage area and discussed above. One has to find efficient ways of contacting gas and water in order to scale up the process effectively. The above conceptual... 

The idea here is to capture carbon dioxide from power plants and then inject it into natural gas hydrate reservoirs assumed to contain primarily methane hydrate. Thus one achieves the simultaneous sequestration of carbon dioxide with the production of natural gas. Lee et al. (2003) presented laboratory data that showed the replacement of methane molecules by C02. Yoon et al. (2004) and Ota et al. (2005) confirmed these laboratory findings. Park et al. (2006a) used a CO2/N2 mixture containing 20 mol % carbon dioxide (flue gas) instead of pure C02 and noticed that the methane recoveiy increased from 64 to 85 %. A similar idea for sequestering captured C02 is to use it as cushion gas for natural gas storage in reservoirs (Oldenburg, 2003). 

Mori, Y.H. (2003). Recent Advances in Hydrate-based Technologies for Natural gas Storage-A Review. J. Chem. Ind. Eng. (China), 54, Suppl., 1-17. 

An in-depth discussion on natural gas storage in underground caverns may be found in Gas Engineering and Operating Practices, Supply, Book S-1, Part 1, Underground Storage of Natural Gas, and Part 2, Chapter 2, Leached Caverns, American Gas Association, Arlington, Va. (1990). 

Self-Test 4.6A A large natural gas storage tank contains 200 mol CH4(g)... 

There are several transportation applications where natural gas storage as CNG provides inadequate range because of limited space and allowable weight for a CNG fuel system. The railroad industry and heavy-duty over-the-road trucks are the two current primary examples of transportation vehicles that as a practical matter must use LNG instead of CNG in order to use natural gas as a fuel. 

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