National Munitions

Soil. Composting of soils contaminated by high explosives is being carried out at the Umatilla Army Depot near Hermiston, Oregon (70). Soil from munitions washout lagoons is being treated iadoors ia compost rows of 2,000 m, and the estimated cost is less than one-third the estimated cost of iaciaeration. If this is successful, there are 30 similar sites on the National Priority List that could be treated ia a similar way. 

Atomic Demolition Munitions , National Defense LIX, (330) (May-June 1975), 467—70 15) Anon, A Selected, Annotated Bibliography of the Civil, Industrial, and Scientific Uses For Nuclear Explosions , TID-3522-R9-53, Energy Res Development Adm (July 1975)... 

Provide national procurement of nuclear munitions and of selected non-nuclear commodities as assigned... 

Military munitions. Military munitions are all ammunition products and components produced for or used by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) or U.S. Armed Services for national defense and security. Unused or defective munitions are solid wastes when abandoned (i.e., disposed of, burned, incinerated) or treated prior to disposal rendered nonrecyclable or nonuseable through deterioration or declared a waste by an authorized military official. Used (i.e., fired or detonated) munitions may also be solid wastes if collected for storage, recycling, treatment, or disposal. 

We said to the court When a country rearms against a military threat that is close at hand, those who make the munitions are not criminal. But if the defendants led an underground rearmament that went beyond all bounds of national defense, such conduct was one evidence that they were willing to risk an aggressive war. 

Ambros supplied the opinion, as requested. He wanted one office to direct war production. "If German rearmament is to proceed with the necessary speed and on national principles, one fully responsible office should be set up for chemical-warfare projects and for all other munitions."... 

The Army terminology for destruction of obsolete weapons Is "demilitarization". This term encompasses all the steps required to disassemble and safely destroy or decontaminate the component materials of which the munition was constructed. National Academy of Sciences and Department of the Army Guidance for demilitarization of obsolete chemical weapons (t) requires absolute safety and security, assurance of total containment of agent during processing, maximum protection of operating personnel and Incontrovertible evidence verifying the destruction of the toxic wastes. 

Agents and Munitions, prepared by an Ad Hoc Advisory Committee of the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, June 24, 1969. 

NRC (National Research Council). 1993. Alternative Technologies for the Destruction of Chemical Agents and Munitions. Washington, D.C. National Academy Press. 

Despite all, officers in the Munitions and Army Materiel commands, as well as representatives from Great Britain, Canada, and the European NATO nations subsequently viewed Cloud of Confusion. 

Under joint sponsorship by the U. S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC) and the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE), a bench-scale transpiring wall reactor was developed by Sandia National Laboratories, FWDC, and GenCorp Aerojet. The reactor, which uses SCWO, was designed to treat military and other liquid wastes. A commercial application of the technology is in use to destroy munitions, colored smokes, and dyes. SWCO may also provide a viable alternative to incineration for the destruction of chemical weapons. 

Mich) 12) L. Schwartz, Trans National Safety Congress 31, I, 173-8 (1942) (Occupational dermatoses in war industries) 13) I. R. Taber-shaw M. Bowditch, New England JMed 229, 1003-7 (1943) 231, 706-10 (1944) (Industrial hygiene as applied to the manufacture of chemicals for munitions (51 references)) 14)... 

By contrast, the War Office was very much constrained by lack of industrial capacity. Of the 250 national factories created by the Ministry of Munitions in the First World War, only three were retained through the inter-war period, and these were held in reserve and not rehabilitated until 1936-7. Munitions production down to 1936 was shared between the three historic royal ordnance factories at Woolwich,... 

A formal international requirement for insensitivity was raised as far back as 1984 by NATO s Conference of National Armament Directors (CNAD) AC/310 Partnership Group on Safety and Suitability for Service Munitions and Explosives . As a result, a pilot NATO Insensitive Munitions Information Center (NIMIC) was set-up in the USA in 1988. Subsequently, after a couple of years when technologies for production of most ammunition of insensitive types were available and implementation and fielding was more important, the name NIMIC was changed to NATO s Munitions Safety Information Analysis Center (MSIAC) in December 2004. The advantages derived as a result of implementation of IM Policy are briefly described in Chapter 6 (Section 6.8). 

Weizmann discovered a process to produce butyl alcohol and acetone from the bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum in 1914. With England s urgent demand for acetone, Winston Churchill (1874-1965) enlisted Weizmann to develop the Weizmann process for acetone production on an industrial scale. Large industrial plants were established in Canada, India, and the United States to provide the allies with acetone for munitions. Weizmann, who is considered the father of industrial fermentation, obtained significant status from his war contributions and used this to further his political mission of establishing a Jewish homeland. Weizmann was a leader of the Zionist movement and campaigned aggressively until the nation of Israel was established in 1948. He was the first president of Israel. 

MunBd Munition Board NAE(CAN) National Aeronautical Estab-... 

In April 2000, the Army published a notice of intent (NOI) to prepare a site-specific environmental impact statement (EIS) for a facility to destroy the mustard agent and munitions stored at Pueblo Chemical Depot (PCD) in accordance with National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requirements. Four technology options are under consideration the baseline incineration system, a modified baseline process, and the two neutralization-based2 processes noted... 

At Sandia National Laboratories, experiments in an SCWO flow reactor provided data on a number of organics, including methanol, phenol, and other industrial chemicals, as well as military munitions (Rice, 1994). Commercial SCWO processes are designed to operate at temperatures typically less than 700°C. The development of SCWO technology depends on understanding the reaction kinetics of a wide variety of compounds at SCWO conditions. Predictive chemistry models, as they become available, will play an important role in finding answers to such design problems as ... 

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