National Health and Nutritional Examination

NHANES National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey... 

Mahaffey KR, Chckner RP, Bodurow CC. 2004. Blood organic mercury and diefary mercury intake National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 and 2000. Environ Health Perspect 112 562-570. 

The prevalence of hypertension differs based on age, sex, and ethnicity. As individuals become older, their risk of high blood pressure increases. Individuals 55 years of age who do not have hypertension are estimated to have a lifetime risk of 90% of eventually developing hypertension. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2000 indicated that hypertension is slightly more prevalent in men (30.1%) than women (27.1%). However, the prevalence increased by 5.6% in women and has remained unchanged in men from 1988 to 2000.5 Hypertension prevalence is highest in African-Americans when compared to non-Hispanic whites and Mexican-Americans.1... 

The prevalence of overweight and obesity continues to increase, keeping this disease a major public health concern. Results from the most recent National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) reflect an increased combined prevalence for overweight and obesity among adults... 

Ford, E. S., Giles, W. H. 8c Dietz, W. H. (2002). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among US adults findings from the third national health and nutrition examination survey. JAMA, 287, 356-9. 

Cardiovascular Effects. There is currently considerable scientific debate as to whether there is a causal relationship between lead exposure and hypertension. Another area of controversy is whether African Americans are more susceptible to the cardiovascular effects of lead than are whites or Hispanics. The evidence from both occupational studies and large-scale general population studies (i.e., National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [NHANES II], British Regional Heart Study [BRHS]) is not sufficient to conclude that such a causal relationship exists between PbB levels and increases in blood pressure. The database on lead-induced effects on cardiovascular function in humans will be discussed by presenting a summary of several representative occupational studies followed by a discussion of the findings from the large-scale general population studies. 

Blood lead levels measured as a part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) revealed that between 1976 and 1991, the mean PbB levels of the U.S. population aged from 1 to 74 years dropped 78%, from 12.8 to 2.8 pg/dL. The prevalence of PbB levels 10 pg/dL also decreased sharply from 77.8% to 4.3%. The major cause of the observed decline in PbB levels is most likely... 

Brody DJ, Pirkle JL, Kramer RA, et al. 1994. Blood lead levels in the US population. Phase 1 of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988 to 1991). J Am Med Assoc 272 277-283. 

Mahaffey KR, Annest JL. 1986. Association of erythrocyte protoporphyrin with blood lead level and iron status in the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1976-1980. Environ Res 41 327-338. 

Mahaffey KR, Gartside PS, Glueck CJ. 1986. Blood lead levels and dietary calcium intake in 1- to 11-year old children The Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1976 to 1980. Pediatrics 78 257-262. 

Goldberg, J, Flowerdew, G, Smith, E, Brody, JA, and Tso, MO, 1988. Factors associated with age-related macular degeneration. An analysis of data from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Epidemiol 128, 700-710. 

Mares-Perlman, JA, Fisher, AI, Klein, R, Block, G, Millen, AE, and Wright, JD, 2001. Lutein and zeaxanthin in the diet and serum and their relation to age-related maculopathy in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Epidemiol 153, 424-432. 

A report entitled Chemical Trespass was issued in May 2004 by the Pesticide Action Network (Schafer et al., 2006). It contained detailed analysis of 2000/01 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) OP urinary metabolite data and used published methods to estimate exposure levels to parent compounds from creatinine corrected urinary metabolite levels. They focused on chlorpyrifos and its metabolite 3,4,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), and found that chlorpyrifos exposures for children ages 6-11 and 12-19 exceeded EPA s chronic population-adjusted dose (cPAD) by surprisingly wide margins. Geometric mean TCP levels were 3 to 4.6 times higher than the EPA-estimated safe dose, as shown in Fig. 14.2. The more heavily exposed children received daily doses more than ten times the safe level. 

Bazzano LA, He J, Ogden G, Vupputuri S, Loria C, Meyers L, Meyers L and Whelton PK. 2002. Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of cardiovascular disease in US adults the first national health and nutrition examination survey epidemiologic follow-up study. Am J Clin Nutr 76 93—99. 

Beck TJ, Looker AC, Ruff CB, Sievanen H, Wahner HW (2000) Structural trends in the aging femoral neck and proximal shaft analysis of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry data. J Bone Miner Res 15 2297-2304... 

The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-94) Reference Manuals and Reports, October 1996. 

Hollowell, J.G. et al., Serum TSH, T(4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 87, 489, 2002. 

Barr DB, Olsson AO, Wong LY, Udunka S, Baker SE, Whitehead RD, Magsumbol MS, Williams BL, Needham LL (2010) Urinary concentrations of metabolites of pyrethroid insecticides in the general U.S. Population national health and nutrition examination survey 1999-2002. Environ Health Perspect 118 742-748... 

Mirex residues in human blood serum were measured as part of the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II), conducted between 1976 and 1980. Of the 4,038 samples analyzed, mirex concentrations ranged from not detectable to detected but below quantifiable levels (10 pig/L [ppb] (Stehr-Green 1989). 

Hnizdo, E., Sullivan, P. A., Bang, K. I., and Wagner, G. (2002). Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and employment by industry and occupation in the US population A study of data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am. J. Epidemiol. 156, 738-746. 

In recent years there has been an upsurge in efforts to move from indirect measures of human exposure (obtained by measurements of chemicals in environmental media and estimation of dose accrued from contact with those media) to direct measures of the concentrations of chemicals in the body, typically in blood and in elimination pathways such as urine and hair. The most significant effort in this direction in the United States has been undertaken as part of the CDC s National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). 

Griffith J, Duncan RC. 1985. Serum organochlorine residues in Florida citrus workers compared to the national health and nutrition examination survey sample. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 35 411-417. 

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