Toxicity naphthylamine

The products of the photooxidation of naphthylamines adsorbed on particles of silica and alumina were putatively less toxic than their precursors (Hasegawa et al. 1993). 

Schmidt number 3 phys chem A dimensionless number used In electrochemistry, equal to the product of the dielectric susceptibility and the dynamic viscosity of a fluid divided by the product of the fluid density, electrical conductivity, and the square of a characteristic length. Symbolized SC3. shmit. nam bar thre ) Schoeikopf s acid orgchem A dye of the following types l-naphthol-4,8-dlsulfonlc acid, l-naphthylamine-4,8-disulfonicadd,and l-naphthylamine-8-sulfonicadd may be toxic. shol.kopfs, as-3d ... 

Thus, sulfate conjugation and acetylation may be involved in the metabolic activation of N-hydroxy aromatic amines, glutathione conjugation may be important in the nephrotoxicity of compounds, methylation in metal toxicity, glucuronidation in the carcinogenicity of p-naphthylamine and 3, 2 -dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl. 

In many studies it is unclear whether the effects of temperature are mediated through metabolism of the toxicant or via some other physiological mechanism. In other cases, however, temperature clearly affects metabolism. For example, in cold-stressed rats there is an increase in the metabolism of 2-naphthylamine to 2-amino-1-naphthol. 

What are the two naphthylamines How does exposure to these compounds occur What is their toxic effect of most concern ... 

SAFETY PROFILE A poison by ingestion. Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. May be contaminated with the carcinogen p-naphthylamine. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. See also AROMATIC AMINES. 

DOT CLASSIFICATION 6.1 Label KEEP AWAY FROM FOOD SAFETY PROFILE Confirmed carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Along with p-naphthylamine and benzidine, it has been incriminated as a cause of urinary bladder cancer. Poison by subcutaneous and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion. Mutation data reported. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame. Incompatible with nitrous acid. To fight fire, use dry chemical, CO2, mist, spray. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. See also 2-NAPHTHYLAMINE and AROMATIC AMINES. 

The toxic nature of some dyes and intermediates has long been recognized. Dermatologists have reported cases of skin reactions suspected to be caused by textile dyes. The positive link between benzidine derivatives and 2-naphthylamine with bladder cancer is also well documented. In fact, these studies prompted the introduction of stringent government regulations to control the exposure of workers to dye dust and the discharge of chemicals, colors, and other effluents. 

Caution Handle N,N-dimethyl-I-naphthylamine with care. As a class aromatic amines are quite toxic and many are carcinogenic. Handle them all with care—in a hood if possible. 

The mechanism of chronic toxicity is related, but not identical. 2NA and other aromatic amines including benzidine and 4-aminobiphenyl are potent human urinary bladder carcinogens. Apparently the AT-hydroxy-2-naphthylamine is N-glucuronide and the product is transported from the liver to the urinary bladder, where the glucuronide can be hydrolyzed liberating N-hydroxy aromatic amine. This material is... 

Significant changes in the manufacture of important naphthylamine and aminoan-thraquinone intermediates since the 1960s have been stimulated by environmental and toxicity considerations. 

Though the toxicity of xenobiotics is generally decreased by metabolism, some xenobiotic metabolites are more toxic than their parent compounds. As noted earlier, the metabolite of benzo (a) pyrene is a lung carcinogen. Similarly, it is the metabolite of 1-naphthylamine and not the parent compound that is a bladder carcinogen. 

Metabolism of foreign compounds is not necessarily detoxication. This has already been indicated in examples and will become more apparent later in this book. This may involve activation by a phase 1 or phase 2 pathway or transport to a particular site followed by metabolism. Thus, sulphate conjugation and acetylation may be involved in the metabolic activation of /V-hydroxy aromatic amines, glutathione conjugation may be important in the nephrotoxicity of compounds, methylation in metal toxicity, glucuronidation in the carcinogenicity of /1-naphthylamine and 3, 2 -dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl. 

Aromatic amines are used mainly in the manufacture of dyes. Aniline, the simplest aromatic amine, itself is a toxic compound a number of other aromatic amines snch as 2-naphthylamine and benzidine are potent carcinogens ... 

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