Nanotechnology chemistry

Finally, even though the matter is beyond the aim of the present topic, a short mention is due to pseudorotaxanes, rotaxanes, catenanes and similar compounds (Refs. 299-303 and therein), to which conventional and/or unconventional hydrogen bridges confer peculiar characteristics making them extremely important in supramolecular and nanotechnologies chemistry for constructing molecular machines. 

The Molecular Sophe software described herein provides scientists with an integrated tool for the determination of the molecular (geometric and electronic structure) of redox cofactors in metalloproteins and also other paramagnetic species found in other areas such as solid-state physics, materials science, nanotechnology, chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, and medicine. 

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a set of materials with different structures and properties. They are among the most important materials of modern nanoscience and nanotechnology field. They combine inorganic, organic, bio-organic, coUoidal, and polymeric chemistry and are chemically inert. They are insoluble in any solvent and their chemistry is in a key position toward interdisciphnary applications, for example, use as supports for catalysts and catalytic membranes [20, 21]. 

Considering that nanoparticles have much higher specific surface areas, in their assembled forms there are large areas of interfaces. One needs to know in detail not only the structures of these interfaces, but also their local chemistries and the effects of segregation and interaction between MBBs and their surroundings. The knowledge of ways to control nanostructure sizes, size distributions, compositions, and assemblies are important aspects of bottom-up nanotechnology [97]. 

Some of their derivatives have been used as antiviral drugs. Due to their flexible chemistry, they can be exploited to design drug delivery systems and in molecular nanotechnology. In such systems, they can act as a central lipophilic core and different parts like targeting segments, linkers, spacers, or therapeutic agents can be attached to the said central nucleus. Their central core can be functionalized by peptidic and nucleic acid sequences and also by numerous important biomolecules. 

Daniel, M.-C. and Astruc, D. (2004) Gold nanopartides assembly, supramolecular chemistry, quantum-size-related properties, and applications toward biology, catalysis, and nanotechnology. Chemical Reviews, 104, 293-346. 

J. H. Fendler, in T. F. Yen, R. D. Gilbert, J. H. Fendler (eds.) Membrane-Mimetic Approach to Nanotechnology in Advances in the Applications of Membrane-Mimetic Chemistry, Plenum Press, New York, NY 1994, 1. 

The NOVA Web site contains online videos and interactive articles explaining science topics from chemistry and physics to oceanography and nanotechnology. 

Application of coordination compounds in medicine, materials chemistry, and as catalysts are mentioned and are cross-referenced to a fuller discussion in Volume 9. Comment is made on application of complexes in nanotechnology, and on the molecular modeling of complexes. The material cannot be totally comprehensive because of space limitations, but is selected in such a way to give the most effective review of discoveries and new interpretations. 

University College London London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry London, WC1H OAJ UK... 

The introduction of low-cost, mass-produced optical nano-sensors will be based on multidisciplinary research where all aspects - photonics, micro- en nanotechnology, (bio-)chemistry of interfaces and system aspects - are considered. Real breakthrough therefore will be only possible in close cooperations between strong groups active in the different fields. 

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