Nanostructured ceramics

Askay, I. Nanostructured ceramics through self-assembly, in Seigel, R. W., Hu, E. and Roco, M. C. (eds) R D Status and Trends in Nanoparticles, Nanostructured Materials and Nanodevices in the United States, International Technology Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA, 1998. 

Skandan, G., Kear, B. H., Chang, W., and Hahn, H., Apparatus for making nanostructured ceramic powders and whiskers., U.S. Patent 5,514,350, Assigned to Rutgers University (May 7,1996). 

Nanostructured ceramics provide alternatives not yet fully explored for orthopedic and dental implant applications the improved mechanical properties of these novel ceramic formulations, in addition to their established exceptional biocompatibility, constitute characteristics that promise improved orthopedic and dental efficacy. Requirements applicable for the design of nanophase ceramics for orthopedic and dental applications include the following ... 

The chapters in this volume present detailed insights into the synthesis-structure-properties relationships of nanostructured materials. In particular, the catalytic and photocatalytic properties of nanoclusters and nanostructured materials with ultrahigh surface-to-volume ratio are demonstrated. The gas absorption characteristics and surface reactivity of nanoporous and nanocrystalline materials are shown for various separation and reaction processes. In addition, the structural manipulation, quantum confinement effects, transport properties, and modeling of nanocrystals and nanowires are described. The biological functionality and bioactivity of nanostructured ceramic implants are also discussed. 

K.N.P. Kumar, Nanostructured Ceramic Membranes, Layer and Texture Formation , PhD Thesis, University of Twente (1993). 

Yoshimura, M., and Gallage, R. 2008. Direct patterning of nanostructured ceramics from solution-differences from conventional printing and lithographic methods. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. 12, 775-782. 

Toma, F.L., Berger, L.M., Naumann, T., and Langner, S. (2008) Microstructure of nanostructured ceramic coatings obtained by suspension thermal spraying. Surf. 

Another area in which preceramic polymers can be utilized effectively is as binders for ceramic powders in near net shaping fabrication processes, such as compression or injection molding with subsequent sintering. Alternatively, an active filler and a polymer [67,68], as reported by Greil and Seibold, can be used in such fabrication. Other potential applications of preceramic polymers is in the general area of coatings, especially for carbon-carbon composites [69], and in the synthesis of nanostructured ceramic particles and composites [70-73]. 

Hendren ZD, Brant J, and Wiesner MR. Surface modification of nanostructured ceramic membranes for direct contact membrane distillation. J. Membr. Sci. 2009 331 1-10. 

Chevaher J, DeviUe S, Fantozzi G, Bartolome J, Pecharroman C, Moya J, et al. Nanostructured ceramic oxides with a slow crack growth resistance close to covalent materials. Nano Lett 2005 5 1297-301. 

The process involves a gas-phase chemical reaction in which a solid material is deposited on the substrate. Nanostructure ceramics and composites are the most common types of nanomaterials produced by CVD, which uses carrier gas vapors on the substrate to keep the metal ion at the zero valent state and then depositing it on a hot-wall reactor to form a solid material on cooling. It is a relatively slow process with a good control over the chemical composition and size, along with a large area of flexibility and relatively low reproducibility. 

D, and 3-D systems are shown in Figure 17.1, as a nanowire, a thin film, and a nanoporous/nanograinedbulk material, respectively. In practice, nanostructured ceramic materials often contain a hierarchy of 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D structures, as illustrated later in the chapter. 

Balakrishnan, A. and Subramanian, K.R.V. (2014) Nanostructured Ceramic Oxides for Supercapacitor Applications, CRC Press. 

Kashima T, Matsuda Y, Fujiyama H (1991) Development of the quadrupole plasma chemical vapour deposition method for low temperature, high speed coating on an optical fibre. Mater Sci Eng A 139 79-84 Kaya C, He JY, Gu X, Butler EG (2002) Nanostructured ceramic powders by hydrothermal synthesis and their applications. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 54 37-49... 

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