Nanorods carbon

Keywords Quantum confinement, quantum-confined nanomaterials (QCNs), quantum dots (QDs), tetrapods, nanocrystals, nanorods, carbon dots (C-dots), graphene quantum dots (GQDs), CdSe, CdS, CdTe, PbS, PbSe, blends, nanocomposites, in-situ polymerization, organic photovoltaics (OPVs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs)... 

Keywords Solar cells, organic photovoltaics (OPVs), quantum confinement effect (QCE), conjugated polymers, nanocomposites, blends, quantum dots (QDs), nanocrystals, nanorods, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, nanoparticles, alternating copolymers, block copolymers, exdton diffusion length, short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, fill factor, photoconversion efficiency, in-situ polymerization... 

Aydogdu Metin. (2012). Axial Vibration Analysis of Nanorods (carbon nanotubes) Embedded in an Elastic Medium Using Nonlocal Elasticity. Mech Res Commun., 43, 34 0. 

Wang J, Chen Y, Zhang Y, lonescu MI, Li R, Sun X, Ye S, Knights S (2011) 3D boron doped carbon nanorods/carbon nanofiber hybrid composite synthesis and application in highly stable proton exchange membrane fuel cell. J Mater Chem 21(45) 18195-18198... 

On the basis of the preceding discussion, we proposed the following formation mechanism of OMCs [166], At OOO C, the products of benzene pyrolysis are known to be polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon species, such as biphenyl, m-, p-, and o-terphenyls, and anthracene [155]. Such species first adsorb on the pore surfaces of SBA-15. Subsequently, further aromatization and carbonization of the adsorbed species takes place to form the first layer of carbon film [167,168], A layer-by-layer stacking then follows to create stacked graphene sheets. Thns, the favored direction of stacked graphene sheets is parallel to the long axis of the nanorods. Carbon deposition in the pores of the mesoporous silica template will stop when the pore size becomes smaller than the kinetic diameter of the benzene... 

Wang, D.N., Yang, J.L., Li, X.F., Ceng, D.S., Li, R.Y., Cai, M., Sham, T.K., Sun, X.L. 2013. Layer by layer assembly of sandwiched graphene/SnOj nanorod/carbon nanostructures with ultrahigh lithium ion storage properties. Enerov Environ. 

Although random and irregular type GaN nanorods have been prepared by using transition metal nanoparticles, such as Ni, Co, and Fe as catalysts and carbon nanotubes as the template, the preparation of controllable regular array of strai t GaN nanorods has not yet been reported. Fabrication of well-ordered nano-structures with high density is very important for the application of nano-structures to practical devices. 

Battery applications Titanium containing y-Mn02 (TM) hollow spheres synthesis and catalytic activities in Li-air batteries [123] Orthorhombic LiMn02 nanorods for lithium ion battery application [124] Electrochemical characterization of MnOOH-carbon nanocomposite cathodes for metal—air batteries [125] Electrocatalytic activity of nanosized manganite [126]... 

Chen, X.-W. Zhu, Z. Haevecker, M. Su, D.S. Schlogl, R., Carbon nanotube-induced preparation of vanadium oxide nanorods Application as a catalyst for the partial oxidation of n-butane. Materials Res. Bull. 2007,42 354-361. 

Bai, H. Liu, Z. Sun, D. D., Facile preparation of monodisperse, carbon doped single crystal rutile Ti02 nanorod spheres with a large percentage of reactive (110) facet exposure for highly efficient H2 generation. /. Mat. Chem. 2012,22 18801-18807. 

The nanowires in Fig. 10.5, straight and coiled, are believed to be SiNW. Experiments were performed to verify that they were not carbon nanotubes or metal nanorods. One method to prove this was by using a substrate other than Si. In this case, AI2O3 wafers replaced Si as the substrate to avoid interference from the Si substrate for characterization. The SiNW grown on Si are shown in Fig. 10.11, and those grown on the AI2O3 wafer are shown in Fig. 10.12. Characterization of these nanowires yielded that they were SiNW. 

By applying the template technique, Kyotani et al. and Che et al. succeeded in preparing Pt and Pt/Ru metal-filled uniform carbon nanotubes in which the metal is present as either nanorods or nanoparticles. It should be noted that no metal was observed on the outside wall of the tubes. This is due to the preparation procedure, in which the metal precursor was loaded into the carbon-deposited alumina film before the dissolution of alumina by HF (see Fig. 10.1.9). Thus, there is no other space for metal to be loaded except in the channels. 

The various methods of preparation employed to prepare nanoscale clusters include evaporation in inert-gas atmosphere, laser pyrolysis, sputtering techniques, mechanical grinding, plasma techniques and chemical methods (Hadjipanyas Siegel, 1994). In Table 3.5, we list typical materials prepared by inert-gas evaporation, sputtering and chemical methods. Nanoparticles of oxide materials can be prepared by the oxidation of fine metal particles, by spray techniques, by precipitation methods (involving the adjustment of reaction conditions, pH etc) or by the sol-gel method. Nanomaterials based on carbon nanotubes (see Chapter 1) have been prepared. For example, nanorods of metal carbides can be made by the reaction of volatile oxides or halides with the nanotubes (Dai et al., 1995). 

Keywords Carbon nanotubes Liquid crystals Nanoclay Nanocomposites Nanoparticles Nanorods Self-assembly... 

The aforementioned frequency of the use of these nanomaterial shapes is best attributed to two factors (1) the ease with which these nanoparticle shapes can be synthesized in the laboratory and (2) the availability of these nanomaterials from commercial sources. It cannot be the aim of this review to cover all of the different nanomaterials used so far, but some of the most commonly investigated will be introduced in more detail. For zero-dimensional nanoparticles, emphasis will be put on metallic nanoparticles (mainly gold), semiconductor quantum dots, as well as magnetic (different iron oxides) and ferroelectric nanoparticles. In the area of onedimensional nanomaterials, metal and semiconductor nanorods and nano wires as well as carbon nanotubes will be briefly discussed, and for two-dimensional nanomaterials only nanoclay. Finally, researchers active in the field are advised to seek further information about these and other nanomaterials in the following, very insightful review articles [16, 36-45]. 

In assembly (b), reaction (10.2) is promoted and MWCNTs are converted to SiC. It is inferred that MWCNTs are changed to SiC nanorods by reaction (10.2) because the diffraction peaks of MWCNTs are not observed on XRD patterns of the sample prepared at 1550°C for 15 min. A small amount of nanometer-scale SiC granules are deposited by reaction (10.7) even in assembly (b). In this case, the MWCNTs are considered to play the role of carbon source. 

With the advent of nanomaterials, different types of polymer-based composites developed as multiple scale analysis down to the nanoscale became a trend for development of new materials with new properties. Multiscale materials modeling continue to play a role in these endeavors as well. For example, Qian et al. [257] developed multiscale, multiphysics numerical tools to address simulations of carbon nanotubes and their associated effects in composites, including the mechanical properties of Young s modulus, bending stiffness, buckling, and strength. Maiti [258] also used multiscale modeling of carbon nanotubes for microelectronics applications. Friesecke and James [259] developed a concurrent numerical scheme to evaluate nanotubes and nanorods in a continuum. 

Matsui, K., Kyotani, T., and Tomita, A. Hydrothermal synthesis of single crystal Ni(OH)2 nanorods in a carbon-coated anodic alumina film. Adv. Mater. 14, 2002 1216-1218. 

Several nanoparticles having a non-spherical shape have been synthesized, e.g., carbon nanotubes, nanofibers, nanorods, and nanowires which exhibit, similar to asbestos, a fibrous shape. 

---