Nanoparticles grafting from

In this article, the use of anionic and cationic surface-initiated methods to form homopolymer and block copolymer brushes grafted from flat and nanoparticle surfaces has been reviewed. The future challenge in understand-... 

NMRP has been demonstrated on surfaces, nanoparticles and amphiphiles, and as well as very recently on CNTs by Ramirez et al. [151b]. This technique has been used in both grafting-to and grafting-from methods. In the first case, NMRP produces well-defined polymers that are... 

Keywords Controlled/living radical polymerization Core-shell particle Dispersion polymerization Emulsion polymerization Grafting from Hybrid Miniemulsion polymerization Nanogel Nanoparticle... 

Ding, Y., Gu, G., Xia, X.-H., Huo, Q., 2009. Cysteine-grafted chitosan-mediated gold nanoparticle assembly from nanochains to microcubes. J. Mater. Chem. 19, 795—799. 

The plasma activated surface of PTFE was firstly grafted from methanol solution of biphenyl-4,4 -dithiol (BFD), 24 hours, room temperature, concentration 4T0 mol/dnP). Same samples was put in the colloidal solution of Au nanoparticles (24 hours, concentration 2.75T0 mol/dm , size of nanoparticles was ca 15 nm [43], This solution was prepared by citrate reduction of K[AuCk] [44], The non-bound chemicals were removed by immersion of the samples into distilled water for 24 hours [45]. 

Figure 10.6 (a) Schematic representation of the encapsulation and lysozyme release mechanism from carboxymethyl chitosan-grafted-poly(amidoamine) (CM-chitosan-PAMAM)/ lysozyme polyion complex (PIC) nanoparticles, (b) Schematic representation of synthesis and self-assembling for CM-chitosan-PAMAM dendrimer nanoparticles, and the encapsulation and lysozyme release mechanism from CM-chitosan-PAMAM/lysozyme PIC nanoparticles. Reprinted from X. Zhang, J. Zhao, Y. Wen, C. Zhu.J. Yang, F. Yao, Carboxymethyl chitosan-poly(amidoamme) dendrimer core-shell nanoparticles for intracellular lysozyme dehvery, Carhohydrate Polymers 98 (2013) 1326-1334. Copyright (2013), with permission from Elsevier. 

The methods for obtaining polymer chains grafted onto the surface of nanoparticles can be divided into two classes grafting-from and grafting-to processes. In the former method, the nanoparticle surface is modified with functional groups by the reaction between molecules and particles, and then the molecules begin the polymerization processes via radical, cationic, or anionic polymerization. In the latter method, the groups at the end of preformed polymers react with the nanoparticle surface. 

The BST nanoparticles were modified by the grafting from approach. The nanoparticles were first activated by acrylic acid, so the nanoparticle surface was modified with functional groups by the reaction between the molecule and particles. Then, the PS molecule began the polymerization processes via radical polymerization, so PS was grafted onto Bao.sSro.sTiOs nanoparticles. The mode of preparation of PS-grafted Bao.sSro.sTiOs nanoparticles is shown in Fig. 6. 

Fig. 9 Themogravimetric charts of ZnO nanoparticles grafted by PMMA (a) 2 mL MMA, (b) 4 mL MMA, (c) 6 mL MMA, and (d) mixture of ZnO nanoparticles and PMMA. Reprinted fiom Hong et al. [112], Copyright 2006, with permission from Elsevier...

The surface of ATO was modified by the grafting-from method the specific steps were as follows The ATO nanoparticles with 5 mol% of doped antimony were first activated by KH550. Then, PMMA was grafted onto the ATO nanoparticles via radical polymerization. The obtained modified nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR, TG, sedimentation test, SEM, and XRD. AU results showed that the PMMA had been grafted onto the surface of ATO. 

Apart from these properties, the release kinetics can be manipulated in such a way that drug release occurs due to a trigger from an environmental stimulus like pH, temperature, etc. [88]. The thermoresponsive graft co-polymeric 5-FU-loaded nanoparticles made from chitosan-g-poly(A -vinylcaprolactam), prepared by an ionic crosslinking method, showed a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at 38 C, with a prominent in vitro drug release above LCST [89]. Camptothecin-loaded polyfiV-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm)/chitosan nanoparticles were... 

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